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NOTES

104. The Articles of Capitulation, signed at the rancho of Cahuenga on January 13, 1847, by Jose Antonio Carrillo, squadron commander; Agustin Olvera, deputy; P. B. Reading, major California Battalion; Louis McLane, commanding Artillery California Battalion; W. H. Russell, staff captain California Battalion; and approved by Andres Pico, squadron commander and chief of the National forces in California; and J. C. Fremont, lieutenant-colonel U. S. Army and "military commandant of Calif ornia," were printed in this Quarterly, XIII (June 1934), 135-36. They are also to be found in 30th Cong., 2d sess., S. Exec. Doc. No. 31 (1849), and elsewhere.

105. Louis McLane came to California as a midshipman on the Savannah. After help- ing recruit and organize the California Battalion, he became captain of an artillery com- pany, later ranking as major. Pierson B. Reading served as paymaster of the California Battalion with the rank of major.

106. On January 5, at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Commodore Stockton, at the in- stigation of William Workman, issued a proclamation offering a general amnesty to all Californians except Flores, on condition that he be given up as a prisoner. Bancroft, History of California, V, 387.

107. Tincture of Opium.

108. Andrew J. Henderson, assistant surgeon of the Portsmouth.

109. A consensus of Californian opinion seems to be that three were killed and not many more than fifteen wounded. Bancroft, op. cit., V, 396.

no. William H. Thompson, midshipman on the Congress and acting lieutenant of Stockton's battalion.

111. Lieutenant Andrew F. V. Gray was appointed by Stockton, and Lieutenant Emory by Kearny, to carry dispatches to Washington. Gray was accompanied by Richard Taylor Jacob, a captain in the California Battalion. After some delay they sailed in the Malek Adhel on January 25, 1847. For the Malek Adhel see Note 118.

112. ". . . you will consider yourself suspended from the command of the United States forces in this place." Robert Field Stockton to Stephen Watts Kearny, January 16, 1847, quoted in Thomas C. Lancey's "Cruise of the Dale," San Jose Pioneer, January I, 1 88 1. This order is well known and is printed in many places. It is a good indication of Stockton's attitude toward Kearny throughout the whole controversy. Stockton clearly stepped beyond his authority.

113. This is a clear exposition of the opinion held by most army officers on the coast, of the controversy between Kearny on one side and Stockton and Fremont on the other. There seems to have been no doubt in their minds of the importance of political pull, and their only complaint, as Griffin states above, was that Kearny was too lenient in his treatment of Fremont. As an example of opinion which duplicates Griffin's sentiments, see Captain Turner's letters to his wife. Henry Smith Turner, "Letters about the Mexi- can War," Glimpses of the Past, Missouri Historical Society, II (December 1934-January 1935), 14 et seq. For further details of the difficulties between Kearny, Stockton, and Fremont, see Thomas Kearny, "The Mexican War and the Conquest of California," in this Quarterly, VIII (September 1929), 251 ff.; also A Sketch of the Life of Com. Robert F. Stockton (New York, 1856), pp. 146, 149-56; Appendix, pp. 26-48; Defence of Lieut. Col. J. C. Fremo7it before the Military Court Martial (Washington, 1848) ; and Bancroft, op. r/V.,V, 414-32.

114. The Hon. Willard P. Hall, congressman from Missouri.

115. Leroux, one of the guides for the Mormons.