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 sometimes called Fort Nez Perce." Ernest Voorhies, comp., "Historic Forts and Trad- ing Posts" (mimeographed and bound, Ottawa: Department of the Interior, 1930), p. 175.

13. "Rocks of the Kyuse Girls where the Walla Walla debouches into the Columbia River." Paul Kane, Wanderings of an Artist, (Toronto, 1859), p. 266.

14. Francis Payette, originally one of John Jacob Astor's men, remained in the employ of the North West Company and later was an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company.

15. Sometimes berdach, bundosh or berdash, an hermaphrodite. Information on this aberrant among American Indians appears in: Myrtis Jarrell, trans., and J. B. N. Hewitt, ed.. Journal of Rudolph Friederich Kurz; an Account of His Experiences among the Fur Traders and American Indians on the Mississippi and Upper Missouri Rivers during the Years 1846 to 18^2, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 115 (Washington, 1937), 221, 214, 269; also Ottis Bedney Sperlin, "Two Kootenay Women Masquerading as Men? Or Were They One?" The Washington Historical Quarterly, XXI (April 1930), 120-30.

16. Marrons— Wild horses.

17. Butter Creek, Umatilla and Morrow counties, Oregon.

18. Fort Colvile, "Hudson's Bay Company fort on Colville River about one mile from junction with the Columbia River, State of Washington. It was a wooden fort of large size, enclosed with stockade and bastions. The buildings were made of cedar logs. Cultivated fields surrounded the fort. It was established in 1825, and of the Oregon Country forts, it was next in importance to Fort Vancouver." Voorhies, op. cit., p. 54.

19. Pierre Chrysologue Pambrum, in charge of Fort Nez Perce.

20. Probably Willow Creek, Morrow County.

21. Probably Rhea Creek. Work is traversing a rough region and his route is not very clear.

22. The Battle of Pierre's Hole took place the first week of August, 1832. "The ren- dezvous of 1832 at Pierre's Hole was one of the largest and most picturesque gatherings ever held in the mountains and it was further distinguished as the occasion of one of the most famous battles of the early history of the west." Leroy R. Hafen and William James Ghent, Broken Hand (Denver: Old West Publishing Company, 193 1), p. 97.

23. The camp was near the site of Hardman in Morrow County.

24. Probably Cottonwood Creek.

25. Dog River is an old name for Hood River. This may, however, be "Day's River" —Work's handwriting is not clear.

26. Beaver Castor canadensis sabauratus, Golden Beaver. California River "Land" Otter— Lutra canadensis brevipilosus.

27. Near Seneca, Grant County, Oregon.

28. Named by Peter Skene Ogden for a trapper, Antoine Sylvaille.

29. The antelope was probably Antilocapra americana americana. The deer at Mal- heur Lake might have been the White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus ochrourus, or the Rocky Mountain Mule Deer, Odocoileus hernionous hernionous.

30. Malheur and Harney lakes, with the small Mud Lake which joins them, receive the drainage of the Harney Valley.

31. The camp was near the site of the town of Burns.

32. Wright Point, a volcanic dyke over which the trail climbed.

33. Mud Lake, sometimes called Stampede Lake.

34. Malheur Lake is fresh water, Harney Lake is alkali.

35. The brigade has marched along the north short of Harney Lake, past the springs of the 00 Ranch and the isolated peak of Iron Mountain, and is aiming at Wagontire, location of the next water supply. "Interior Oregon . . . contains many interesting land- marks that are familiar to stockmen of that section. These landmarks are far apart and in