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CZECHOSLOVAKIA (Continued) Branches: executive—President (elected by Federal Assembly), Cabinet (appointed by President); legislative—Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary—Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental structure dominated by Communist Party

Government leaders: President Gustáv HUSÁK (elected May 1975), Premier Lubomir ŠTROUGAL

Suffrage: universal over age 18

Elections: governmental bodies and president every five years (last election, June 1981)

Dominant political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustáv Husák, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of "provincial KSC organization"

Voting strength (1976 election): 99.7% for Communist-sponsored single slate

Communists: 1.45 million party members and candidate members (January 1978)

Other political groups: puppet parties—Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Freedom Party, Slovak Revival Party

Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

ECONOMY
GNP: $117.6 billion in 1980 (in 1980 dollars), $7,645 per capita; 1980 real growth rate 1.9%

Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops—wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar beets; net food importer—meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967)

Major industries: machinery, food processing, metallurgy, textiles, chemicals

Shortages: ores, crude oil

Crude steel: 14.8 million metric tons produced (1979), 1,000 kg per capita

Electric power: 18,292,000 kW capacity (1981); 78.9 billion kWh produced (1981), 5,196 kWh per capita

Exports: $13,890 million (f.o.b., 1979); 53% machinery, equipment; 26% fuels, raw materials; 4% foods, food products, and live animals; 17% consumer goods, excluding foods (1978)

Imports: $14,371 million (f.o.b., 1979); 40% machinery, equipment; 45% fuels, raw materials; 8% foods, food products, and live animals; 6% consumer goods, excluding foods (1978)

Major trade partners: USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, UK; $28,261 million (1979); 71% with Communist countries, 29% with non-Communist countries

Monetary conversion rate: noncommercial 9.54 crowns=US$1, commercial 5.35 crowns=US$1

Fiscal year: calendar year

NOTE: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 5.35 crowns= US$1

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 13,131 km total; 12,872 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 102 km broad gauge (1.524 m), 157 km narrow gauge (0.750 m and 0.760 m); 2,891 km double track; 3,034 km electrified; government owned (1980)

Highways: 73,793 km total; 60,300 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 13,493 km gravel, crushed stone (1979) Inland waterways: 475 km (1980)

Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined products, 861 km; natural gas, 6,000 km

Freight carried: rail—286.2 million metric tons, 72.6 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway—1,235.3 million metric tons, 21.3 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway—10.5 million metric tons, 3.6 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) (1980)

Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdańsk, and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg, FRG; Rostock, GDR; principal river ports are Prague, Děčín, Komárno, Bratislava (1979)

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,737,000; 2,888,000 fit for military service; 112,000 reach military age annually

Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, 23 billion crowns, 7.8% of total budget 55