Page:CIA World Factbook(1982).djvu/62

CHINA (Continued) Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles, petroleum

Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians, electricity

Crude steel: 34.48 million metric tons produced, 30 kg per capita (1979)

Electric power: 66,000,000 kW capacity (1980); 301.0 billion kWh produced (1980), 290 kWh per capita

Exports: $13.8 billion (f.o.b., 1979); agricultural products, oil, minerals and metals, manufactured goods

Imports: $14.5 billion (c.i.f., 1979); grain, chemical fertilizer, steel, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment

Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, US, West Germany, Romania, Australia, Canada, UK, France, USSR (1979)

Monetary conversion rate: as of 9 September 1980, about 1.46 yuan=US$1 (arbitrarily established)

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: networks total about 52,500 route km common-carrier lines; about 600 km meter gauge (1.00 m); rest standard gauge (1.435 m); all single track except 9,345 km double track on standard gauge lines; approximately 1,520 km electrified; about 10,000 km industrial lines (gauges range from 0.762 to 1.435 m)

Highways: about 890,000 km all types roads; almost half (about 350,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 280,000 km improved earth roads about 2- to 5-meters wide and in poor to fair condition; remainder (about 260,000 km) includes majority of principal roads

Inland waterways: 169,000 km; 40,200 km navigable by modern motorized craft

Ports: 21 major, approximately 180 minor

Airfields: 372 total; 270 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 3,500 m and over; 66 with runways 2,500 to 3,499 m; 230 with runways 1,200 to 2,499 m; 62 with runways less than 1,200 m; 2 seaplane stations; 4 airfields under construction

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 274,548,000; 153,482,000 fit for military service; 11,372,000 reach military age (18) annually  

LAND
1,139,600 km$2$; settled area 28% consisting of cropland and fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%,urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%—mostly forest and savannah

Land boundaries: 6,035 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm)

Coastline: 2,414 km

PEOPLE
Population: 26,631,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.6%

Nationality: noun—Colombian(s); adjective—Colombian

Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% Caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian

Religion: 95% Roman Catholic

Language: Spanish

Literacy: 72-75% of population over 15 years old

Labor force: 5.9 million (1973); 30% agriculture, 15% industry, 19% services, 13% commerce/hotels, 18% other (1973); 18.5% unemployment (1979)

Organized labor: 13% of labor force (1968)

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Colombia

Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure

Capital: Bogotá

Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 3 Intendants, 5 Commissariats, Bogota Special District

Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations  44