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BHUTAN (Continued) Government leader: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK

Suffrage: each family has one vote

Elections: popular elections on village level held every three years

Political parties: all parties illegal

Communists: no overt Communist presence

Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy

Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, IBRD, IFAD, IMF, NAM, UPU, UN

ECONOMY
GNP: $116 million (FY81), $97 per capita; 3.6% growth in FY81

Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit

Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles)

Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1981); 8 million kWh produced (1981), 6 kWh per capita

Exports: $12 million (FY81); fruit and vegetables, timber, coal, and cardamom

Imports: about $19 million (FY81); textiles, cereals, vehicles

Major trade partner: India

Aid: economic—India (FY61-72), $180 million

Budget: domestic revenue $12.9 million, expenditures $39.3 million (FY81 est.)

Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 9.16 ngultrums=9.16 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1981

Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

COMMUNICATIONS
Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth

Freight carried: not available, very light traffic

Civil air: no major transport aircraft

Airfields: 2 total; 2 usable; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 332,000; 178,000 fit for military service; about 16,000 reach military age (18) annually

Supply: dependent on India  

LAND
1,098,160 km$2$; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water

Land boundaries: 6,083 km

PEOPLE
Population: 5,633,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.6%

Nationality: noun—Bolivian(s); adjective—Bolivian

Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white

Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Protestant minority, especially Methodist

Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua

Literacy: 35%-40%

Labor force: 2.8 million (1977); 70% agriculture, 3% mining, 10% services and utilities, 7% manufacturing, 10% other

Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Bolivia

Type: republic; military dictatorship since 17 July 1980

Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)

Political subdivisions: nine departments with limited autonomy

Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August  24