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VATICAN CITY (Continued) Government leader: Supreme Pontiff, JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYŁA, elected Pope 16 October 1978)

Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 in age

Elections: Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals

Communists: none known

Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church)

Member: IAEA; ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, UPU, WTO; permanent observer status at FAO, OAS, UN, and UNESCO

ECONOMY
The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial activity consists solely of printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; the banking and financial activities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Agencies carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communities throughout the world; the Cardinal's Commission controls the administration of ordinary assets of the Holy See and a Special Administration manages the Holy See's capital assets

Electric power: 2100 kW (standby) capacity (1981); all power is imported from Italy

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: none

Highways: none (city streets)

Civil air: no major transport aircraft

Airfields: none

Telecommunications: 2 AM stations and 2 FM stations; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange

DEFENSE FORCES
Defense is responsibility of Italy



LAND
911,680 km$2$; 4% cropland, 18% pasture, 21% forest, 57% urban, waste, and other

Land boundaries: 4,181 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm plus 3 nm contiguous zone for customs and sanitation (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

Coastline: 2,800 km

PEOPLE
Population: 18,427,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Nationality: noun—Venezuelan(s); adjective—Venezuelan

Ethnic divisions: 67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% Negro, 2% Indian

Religion: 96% nominally Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant

Language: Spanish (official); "Indian" dialects spoken by about 200,000 aborigines in the interior

Literacy: 74% (claimed, 1970 est.)

Labor force: 4.4 million (1980); 24% agriculture, 6% construction, 17% manufacturing, 6% transportation, 18% commerce, 25% services, 4% petroleum, utilities, and other

Organized labor: 27% of labor force

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Venezuela

Type: republic

Capital: Caracas

Political subdivisions: 20 states, 1 federal district, 2 federal territories, and 72 island dependencies in the Caribbean

Legal system: based on Napoleonic code; constitution promulgated 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; dual court system, state and federal;  250