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SRI LANKA (Continued) UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; is applying for membership to ASEAN

ECONOMY
GNP: $3.7 billion (1980 current prices), $254 per capita; real growth rate 5.5% (1980)

Agriculture: agriculture accounts for about 23% of GNP; main crops—rice, rubber, tea, coconuts; food shortages—wheat and sugar

Fishing: catch 157,000 metric tons (1978)

Major industries: processing of rubber, tea, and other agricultural commodities; consumer goods manufacture

Electric power: 310,000 kW capacity (1980); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1980), 65 kWh per capita

Exports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1980); tea, rubber, petroleum products

Imports: $2.0 billion (c.i.f., 1980); petroleum, machinery, transport equipment, sugar

Major trade partners: (1977) exports—8% Pakistan, 8% UK; imports—12.4% Saudi Arabia, 9.8% Iran

Budget: (1980 revised estimate) revenue $782 million, expenditure $1.65 billion

Monetary conversion rate: 20.95 rupees=US$1 (November 1981)

Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December (starting 1973)

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 1,496 km total (1980); all broad gauge (1.435m); 102 km double track; no electrification; government owned

Highways: 66,176 km total (1979); 24,300 km paved (mostly bituminous treated), 28,916 km crushed stone or gravel, 12,960 km improved earth or unimproved earth; in addition several thousand km of tracks, mostly unmotorable

Inland waterways: 430 km; navigable by shallow-draft craft

Ports: 3 major, 9 minor

Civil air: 8 major transport (including 1 leased)

Airfields: 14 total, 11 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good international service; 75,000 (est.) telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 16 AM stations, 2 FM stations, and 1 TV station; submarine cables extend to India; 1 ground satellite station

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,997,000; 3,138,000 fit for military service; 178,000 reach military age (18) annually

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $38.5 million, 2% of central government current budget

 

LAND
2,504,530 km$2$; 37% arable (3% cultivated), 15% grazing, 33% desert, waste, or urban, 15% forest

Land boundaries: 7,805 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone")

Coastline: 853 km

PEOPLE
Population: 19,868,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Nationality: noun—Sudanese (sing. and pl.); adjective—Sudanese

Ethnic divisions: 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 52% Negro, 2% foreigners, 1% other

Religion: 73% Sunni Muslims in north, 23% pagan, 4% Christian (mostly in south)

Language: Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in process

Literacy: 20%

Labor force: 8.6 million (1979); roughly 78% agriculture, 10% industry, 12% services; labor shortages for almost all categories of employment coexist with urban unemployment

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Democratic Republic of the Sudan

Type: republic under military control since coup in May 1969

Capital: Khartoum

Political subdivisions: 5 regions; regional governments were recently granted additional authority  220