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ROMANIA (Continued) 

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 11,113 km total; 10,509 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 559 km narrow gauge, 45 km broad gauge; 2,202 km electrified, 2,280 km double track; government owned (1979)

Highways: 73,361 km total; 28,738 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 36,790 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone and 7,833 km other (1979)

Inland waterways: 1,660 km (1979)

Pipelines: 2,735 km crude oil; 1,429 km refined products; 5,149 km natural gas

Freight carried: rail—273.0 million metric tons, 76.0 billion metric ton/km (1979); highway—414.7 million metric tons, 11.5 billion metric ton/km (1979); waterway—9.6 million metric tons, 2.1 billion metric ton/km

Ports: 4 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 7 minor; principal inland waterway ports are Giurgiu, Turnu Severin, and Orsova (1981)

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,378,000; 4,500,000 fit for military service; 141,000 reach military age (20) annually

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 10.4 billion lei; about 3.3% of total budget 

LAND
25,900 km$2$; almost all the arable land, about one-third under cultivation, about one-third pastureland

Land boundaries: 877 km

PEOPLE
Population: 5,451,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.2%

Nationality: noun—Rwandan(s); adjective—Rwandan

Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)

Religion: 45% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest animist

Language: Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers

Literacy: 25% in French and Kinyarwanda

Labor force: approximately 5% in cash economy

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Rwanda

Type: republic, presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; new constitution adopted 17 December 1978

Capital: Kigali

Political subdivisions: 10 prefectures, subdivided into 143 communes

Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July

Branches: executive (President, 16-member Cabinet); legislative (National Development Council); judiciary (4 senior courts, magistrates)

Government leader: Maj. Gen. Juvénal HABYARIMANA, President and Head of State

Suffrage: universal  197