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POLAND (Continued) Major trade partners: $36,039 million (1979); 56% with Communist countries, 44% with West

Monetary conversion rate: 80.0 złlotys=US$1 (January 1982)

Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data are reported for calendar years except for caloric intake which is reported for the consumption year, 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 27,236 km total; 24,380 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 2,856 km other gauge; 7,474 km double track; 6,868 km electrified; government owned (1980)

Highways: 305,863 km total; 65,000 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 98,000 km crushed stone, gravel; 142,863 km earth (1977)

Inland waterways: 4,035 km navigable rivers and canals (1979)

Pipelines: 3,540 km for natural gas; 1,515 km for crude oil; 322 km for refined products

Freight carried: rail—481.8 million metric tons (1980), 135.3 billion metric ton/km (1979); highway—2,146 million metric tons, 43.9 billion metric ton/km (1979); waterway—23.2 million metric tons, 2.0 billion metric ton/km (1979)

Ports: 4 major (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Świnoujście), 12 minor (1979); principal inland waterway ports are Gliwice, Wrocłlaw, and Warsaw (1979)

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,242,000; 7,388,000 fit for military service; 256,000 reach military age (19) annually

Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 75.2 billion złlotys; 4.9% of total budget

 

LAND
Metropolitan Portugal: 94,276 km$2$, including the Azores and Madeira Islands; 48% arable, 6% meadow and pasture, 31% forested, 15% waste and urban, inland water, and other

Land boundaries: 1,207 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone

Coastline: 860 km; excludes Azores (708 km) and Madeira (225 km)

PEOPLE
Population: 10,056,000 (July 1982), including the Azores and Madeira Islands, average annual growth rate 0.6%

Nationality: noun—Portuguese (sing. and pl.); adjective—Portuguese

Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other

Language: Portuguese

Literacy: 70%

Labor force: (1979) 4.1 million; 31% agriculture, 35% industry, 34% services; unemployment is now more than 13%

Organized labor: the Communist-dominated General Confederation of Portuguese Workers—National Intersindical (CGTP-IN) claims to represent 77% of the unionized labor force; their main competition comes from the General Workers Union (UGT) organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Portuguese Republic  191