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PERU (Continued) Monetary conversion rate: 88.65 soles=US$1 (1980); floats against US dollar

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 2,192 km total; 1,775 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 46 km 0.60-meter gauge, 371 km 0.914-meter gauge

Highways: 56,645 km total; 6,030 km paved, 11,865 km gravel, 14,610 km improved earth, 24,140 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 208 km Lake Titicaca

Pipelines: crude oil, 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 64 km

Ports: 7 major, 20 minor

Civil air: 26 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 301 total, 291 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: fairly adequate for most requirements; new nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, 7 domestic antennas; 457,000 telephones (2.7 per 100 popl.); 200 AM, 7 FM, and 63 TV stations

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,363,000; 2,955,000 fit for military service; 173,000 reach military age (20) annually

 

LAND
300,440 km$2$; 53% forested, 30% arable land, 5% permanent pasture, 12% other

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 0-300 nm (under an archipelago theory, waters within straight lines joining appropriate points of outermost islands are considered internal waters; waters between these baselines and the limits described in the Treaty of Paris, 10 December 1898, the US-Spain Treaty of 7 November 1900, and the US-UK Treaty of 2 January 1930 are considered to be the territorial sea); fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm

Coastline: about 22,540 km

PEOPLE
Population: 51,574,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.5%

Nationality: noun—Filipino(s); adjective—Philippine

Ethnic divisions: 91.5% Christian Malay, 4% Muslim Malay, 1.5% Chinese, 3% other

Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 10% Protestant, 4% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other

Language: Tagalog (renamed Pilipino) is the national language of the Philippine Republic; English is the language of school instruction and government business

Literacy: about 83%

Labor force: 18.5 million (1981); 47.3% agriculture, 12.2% manufacturing, 12.2% commerce, 17.6% services, 3.5% transportation, 4.6% construction

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of the Philippines

Type: republic

Capital: Manila

Political subdivisions: 72 provinces

Legal system: based on Spanish, Islamic, and Anglo-American law; parliamentary constitution passed 1973; 188