Page:CIA World Factbook(1982).djvu/177

MONACO (Continued) Member of: IAEA, IHO, IPU, ITU, UN (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

ECONOMY
GNP: 55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10%-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino

Major industries: chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing

Electric power: 8,000 kW (standby) capacity (1981); 100 million kWh supplied by France (1981)

Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties

Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc=US$0.2216 (1978 average)

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 1.6 km of 1.435 m gauge

Highways: none; city streets

Ports: 1 minor

Civil air: no major transport aircraft

Airfields: none

Telecommunications: served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system with about 28,800 telephones (115.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 4 TV stations

DEFENSE FORCES
France responsible for defense

 

LAND
1,564,619 km$2$; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than 1% arable, 10% forested

Land boundaries: 8,000 km

PEOPLE
Population: 1,759,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Nationality: noun—Mongolian(s); adjective—Mongolian

Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other

Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime

Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese

Literacy: about 80%

Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available)

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Mongolian People's Republic

Type: Communist state

Capital: Ulaanbaatar

Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar and Darhan)

Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: People's Revolution Day, 11 July

Branches: constitution provides for a People's Great Hural (national assembly) and a highly centralized administration  159