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ISRAEL (Continued) Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km

Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor

Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in

Airfields: 66 total, 55 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: most highly developed in the Middle East though not the largest; good system of coaxial cable and radio relay; 930,000 telephones (25.4 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 10 FM stations, 15 TV stations, and 25 repeater stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, second antenna planned

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 1,838,000; of 921,000 males 15-49, 580,000 fit for military service; of 909,000 females 15-49, 571,000 fit for military service; 35,000 males and 33,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service

 

LAND
301,217 km$2$; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban

Land boundaries: 1,702 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm

Coastline: 4,996 km

PEOPLE
Population: 57,353,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.3%

Nationality: noun—Italian(s); adjective—Italian

Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south

Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion)

Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region (for example, Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area

'Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region

Labor force: 22,372,000 (1980); 14.1% agriculture, 37.6% industry, 48.3% other (1980); 7.6% unemployment (1980); 1.5 million Italians employed in other West European countries

Organized labor: 50-55% (est.) of labor force

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Italian Republic

Type: republic

Capital: Rome

Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions; five with special statute (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle  114