Page:CIA World Factbook(1982).djvu/127

IRAN (Continued) Major trade partners: exports—Japan, West Germany, Netherlands, Italy, UK, Spain, France; imports—West Germany, Japan, UK, Italy

Budget: (FY81) proposed expenditures of $39 billion, actual expenditures likely to be below this level

Monetary conversion rate: 70.5 rials=US$1

Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 4,601 km total; 4,509 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 92 km 1.676-meter gauge

Highways: 81,800 km total; 36,000 km gravel and crushed stone, 15,000 km improved earth

Inland waterways: 904 km, excluding the Caspian Sea, 104 km on the Shatt al Arab

Pipelines: crude oil, 5,900 km; refined products, 3,500 km; natural gas, 3,282 km

Ports: 7 major, 6 minor

Civil air: approx. 50 major transport aircraft

Airfields: 178 total, 143 usable; 78 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with runways over 3,659 m, 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 69 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,310,000; 5,722,000 fit for military service; about 409,000 reach military age (21) annually

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1981, $4.2 billion; 10% of central government budget

 

LAND
445,480 km$2$ ; 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing land, 4% forest and woodland

Land boundaries: 3,668 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm

Coastline: 58 km

PEOPLE
Population: 14,034,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.3%

Nationality: noun—Iraqi(s); adjective—Iraqi

Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs, 18.3% Kurds, 2.4% Turkomans, 0.7% Assyrians, 7.7% other

Religion: 90% Muslim (50% Shia Muslim, 40% Sunni Muslim), 8% Christian, 2% other

Language: Arabic, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish

Literacy: 20% to 40%

Labor force: 3.1 million (1977); 30% agriculture, 27% industry, 21% government, 22% other; rural underemployment high, but not serious because low subsistence levels make it easy to care for unemployed; severe shortage of technically trained personnel

Organized labor: 11% of labor force

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Iraq

Type: republic; National Front government consisting of Ba'th Party (BPI) and proadministration Kurds; Communists play no role in government

Capital: Baghdad

Political subdivisions: 18 provinces under centrally appointed officials

Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution  109