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GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (Continued) Crude steel: 7.308 million metric tons produced (1980), approx. 436 kg per capita

Electric power: 20,965,000 kW capacity (1981); 101.8 billion kWh produced (1981), 6,080 kWh per capita

Exports: $17.3 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1979)

Imports: $19.2 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1979)

Major trade partners: $36,500 million (1979); 68% Communist countries, 32% non-Communist countries

Monetary conversion rate: 3.11 DME=US$1 for trade data (1980 rate)

Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July-30 June

COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 14,164 km total; 13,874 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 290 km meter (1.00 m) or other narrow gauge, 3,360 km double track standard gauge (1.435 m); 1,621 km overhead electrified (1979)

Highways: 117,500 km total; 47,500 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,744 km are autobahn and limited access roads; over 70,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1979)

Inland waterways: 2,302 km (1979)

Freight carried: rail—302.5 million metric tons, 54.4 billion metric ton/km (1979); highway—730.2 million metric tons, 21.6 billion metric ton/km (1979); waterway—14.8 million metric tons, 1.9 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) (1979)

Pipelines: crude oil, 1,200 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas 650 km

Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor; principal inland waterway ports are E. Berlin, Riesa, Magdeburg, and Eisenhuttenstadt (1979)

DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,319,000; 3,470,000 fit for military service; 138,000 reach military age (18) annually

Personnel: paramilitary field force was integrated into the Confederal Armed Forces with the Senegalese military troops

Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 10.2 billion marks; 6.2% of total budget

 

LAND
248,640 km$2$ (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water

Land boundaries: 4,232 km

WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.)

PEOPLE
Population: 61,697,000, including West Berlin (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.0%

Nationality: noun—German(s); adjective—German

Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other

Religion: 48.9% Protestant, 44.7% Roman Catholic, 6.4% other (as of 1975)

Language: German

Literacy: 99%

Labor force: 27.199 million (1979); 36.4% in manufacturing, 6.6% construction, 37.4% services, 9.7% government, 5.6% agriculture, 0.5% other; 3.8% unemployed July 1980

Organized labor: 33.7% of total labor force; 40.1% of wage and salary earners

GOVERNMENT
Official name: Federal Republic of Germany

Type: federal republic

Capital: Bonn

Political subdivisions: 10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by US, UK, and France which, together with the USSR, have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin

Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction  82