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hydroelectric plants constitute less than 5% of the total capacity. Expansion of the power industry has been achieved, but at a high cost; the industry is largely dependent on domestic brown coal of low caloric value, and much of the powerplant equipment is outmoded. More than one-fifth of all industrial investments made during 1966-70 was for the development of power facilities, and electric power installations now account for one-seventh of all fixed assets in the country.

About three-fourhts of the electric energy produced is consumed in the highly developed southern half of the country, largely in support of manufacturing industries; the northern regions are largely agricultural and have less need for electricity. A comparison of 1960 and 1971 power consumption, by sector (Figure 13), indicates that the percentage of the total consumed by each sector has remained relatively stable. Within the industrial sector, the chemical industry alone consumed more than one-fourth of the net available power in 1971.

The bulk of the generating facilities are located in the southern and southeastern parts of the country, close to brown coal deposits and the main consuming centers. The greatest concentration of powerplants is in the Cottbus-Dresden area. The powerplants in this region have a total capacity of over 5 million kw., or about 40% of the national capacity. Included are such facilities as the 1.3 million-kw. Luebbenau 1, 2, and 3 powerplants, the largest powerplant installation in the country (Figure 14); the 1.2 million-kw. Vetschau powerplant; the 750,000-kw. Schwarze Pump East, Middle, and West powerplants; the 450,000-kw. Trattendorf 1 and 3 powerplants, and 1,050,000-kw. at the partially completed Boxberg powerplant. The second most important group of generating facilities is in the Bitterfeld-Leipzig area, where over 4 million-kw. capacity is installed. The powerplant capacities in that region include 1,000,000 kw. at the Borna Thierbach powerplant, 470,000 kw. at the Leipzig Espenhain powerplant, 600,000 kw. at the Leipzig Lippendorf powerplant, 384,000 kw. at the Vockerode powerplant, 338,000 at the Leuna powerplant, and 300,000 kw. at the Zschornewitz powerplant. Other important powerplants are located in the extreme southeast, in East Berlin and its vicinity, and in the southwest. There is a 70,000-kw. nuclear powerplant at Rheinsberg in the northern part of the country, but facilities in the north are sparsely distributed. The largest hydroelectric powerplant in the country is the Saalfeld Hohenwarte 2 plant, which has an installed capacity of 320,000 kw. (Figure 15).

Electric energy is transmitted by an extensive network of high-voltage lines, especially in the southern part of the country. Major transmission facilities are centered on the main electricity producing and consuming regions of Bitterfeld-Leipzig and Cottbus-Dresden. These regions are interconnected by high-voltage 380-kilovolt (kv.) lines, and several lines—including two at 380-kv.—lead to the Berlin area. In the northern part of the country the network consists largely of long-distance lines that serve isolated load centers.

By 1975 capacity is expected to grow to 18.5 million kw., with annual production of about 90 billion kw.-hr. Main additions to existing plants will be 300,000 kw. at the Schwarze Pumpe powerplants and 1.5 million kw. at the partially completed Boxberg powerplant. The Boxberg power facility is equipped with 200,000-kw. generating units, the largest utilized by the East German industry to date, a second section of this plant eventually will include 500,000 kw. generating units. An important project of the current 5-year plan is the Goethiz Hagenwerder 3 powerplant, where the first 500,000-kw. generating unit in East Germany will be installed. The second nuclear powerplant in the country, at Greilwald, will have a capacity of 880,000 kw. upon completion of the first section, projected for 1974-75. Construction continues on the 1 million-kw. Markersbach hydroelectric powerplant, with completion projected after 1975.

Development of the domestic power equipment industry have been discouraged because of the country's reliance upon the U.S.S.R. for much of this equipment, and continued growth of the country's

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110021-0