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 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5

The programs of research conducted in the many small laboratories require few but well qualified personnel. A typical example is the internationally known Niels Bohr Institute for Theoretical Physics, which has a staff of 70. The ATV employs slightly more than 700 persons, of which 190 have academic qualifications. The Danish Central Welding Institute, which recently has become associated closely with the growing shipbuilding industry, has a total staff of 138. The technical institutes of Copenhagen and Arhus, which carry out research, developmental work, and testing for individual firms, employ about 650 persons, including about 250 engineers. About 750 persons were employed at the Riso Research Establishment in 1967, of whom 190 held academic degrees.

Research and development facilities are generally adequate in the higher educational institutions and research institutes, but some very expensive pieces of equipment found in some more advanced countries are lacking. Research programs are structured so that the equipment available can be used. The Riso Research Establishment is well equipped with facilities, including three reactors. It has departments for physics, electronics, reactor chemistry, health physics, metallurgy, and agricultural research. Formerly the equipment at the Niels Bohr Institute was modest compared with the facilities of the larger countries; however, during the past 10 years the addition of a 12 MeV tandem Van de Graaff accelerator improved the situation. The institute recently acquired an 18 MeV accelerator, a new isotope separator, and several particle spectrometers for study of short-lived isotopes. With the addition of a computer, the institute has been able to work closely with Swedish institutions in scanning data obtained from photographic emulsions used in bubble chambers of these institutions.

The Danish public regards scientists favorably and with considerable respect. Persons holding the position of professor are socially prominent and surpassed only by royalty and Cabinet ministers. Physicians and graduates of the Technical University of Denmark also enjoy high public esteem. Outstanding scientific achievements are recognized by professional societies, universities, private enterprises, and the Academy of Sciences and Letters.

D. Major research fields

1. Air, ground, and naval weapons

Denmark has a limited capability for the development of air, ground, and naval weapons. Although the Danes maintain a modern air force as part of their commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the government has continually pursued a policy of procuring aircraft and related equipment from abroad. No change in this policy can be foreseen in the 1970s, especially in view of recent deliveries of Swedish-built supersonic fighter aircraft to the Danish Air Force. Because of lack of funds for the military there is little possibility for Denmark to improve its capability in weapon research and development. The munitions industry has degraded to one government-owned shell-loading plant and two privately owned munitions companies. Denmark depends upon imports of explosives, propellants, and mechanical components.

In the missile field Denmark is one of six countries involved in the development of the NATO Sea Sparrow, a short-range, ship-to-air missile. Denmark is committed to the development and production of the radar and ground equipment components. Its other missile systems are the air-to-air Sidewinder, the surface-to-surface Honest John, and the surface-to-air Hawk and Nike systems. The Sidewinder missiles are used to arm the two squadrons of F-104C fighters, and the Hawk and Nike systems are deployed in a ring around Copenhagen for the defense of that area alone.

In the space field the Danes rely on foreign rockets, satellites, and launch facilities to carry out their scientific experiments, while they supply the payloads. Since 1961 Danish scientists have developed sounding rocket payloads to measure electron density and collision frequency, very low frequency (VLF) profile, radio frequency (RF) impedance and conductivity, high-energy particle density, and the monitoring of Lyman-alpha radiation. They have developed a rocket payload which uses three orthogonal magnetometers and two electric field sensors to measure the electromagnetic wave field from 0.5 to 81 kHz. Balloon instrument packages have been used to determine the charge and mass of galactic high-energy cosmic particles. The Danes have provided the equipment needed on ESRO I and ESRO II in the performance of high-energy proton research. Scientists have also developed the digital readout system used in a low-energy electron-proton experiment and another experiment concerning the measure of angular distribution of total particle flux. The equipment on HEAOS-A2 and HEAOS-B needed in measuring solar radiation noise at very low frequencies and the isotropic composition of various elements in the magnetosphere have also been provided by the Danes.

From September 1971 to May 1972 the Soviets negotiated the purchase of Danish equipment for their space research program, and at the same time Danish businessmen were in the USSR discussing the

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5