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Network and the Northwest European Lowland Leveling. International work has also included contributions of recent crustal movements and investigations of mean sea level and of secular movements between sea and land.

Activity in gravimetry has included inland surveys to extend the existing gravity net and to investigate the correlation between gravity anomalies and station heights. Gravity measurements at sea were established in interior Danish waters as the first part of a detailed survey of the Danish continental shelf. Extensive theoretical research has been carried out in dynamic geodesy.

Denmark has an active interest in hydrologic and hydraulic research, and although the programs are small, they are diverse. Most of the research is performed at the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Technical University of Denmark and at the Institute of Applied Hydraulics at the Academy of Technical Sciences. The Hydraulic Laboratory has modern facilities, including computers, and specializes in the study of density currents, hydrodynamics, sediment transportation, groundwater flow, hydrology, and glaciology. Research involves theoretical studies, hydraulic model investigations, and field investigations.

The Institute of Applied Hydraulics specializes primarily on coastal and estuary problems and works closely with the academic and research staff of the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the Technical University of Denmark. The Geological Institute, also of the university, is small and is mostly interested in the geology of Denmark and Greenland, particularly as it relates to water supply and natural resource utilization.

Danish hydrologists and hydraulic engineers are active in international scientific organizations and conferences, and they participate in technical committees on flow through porous media, fluvial hydraulics, hydraulic machinery and equipment, cavitation, maritime hydraulics, and water resources systems.

Coastal engineering research compares favorably with that of the small European countries. The Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the Technical University of Denmark performs most of the coastal research and has wave tanks, oscillating water flow tunnels, and scale models for requiring simulated shore and sea conditions. Studies have been undertaken on the stability of underwater drilling platforms, wave forces on lighthouses, and harbor construction. Other major projects have dealt with littoral sand drift, tide effects on sediments, forces on breakwaters, and groin protection of shorelines. Experiments using radioactive isotopes for investigating littoral drift have been conducted.

Denmark has a long tradition of research in fisheries and oceanography, and until approximately two decades ago it was one of the most prominent European countries undertaking work in these sciences. However, because of a. lack of funding and resources to support the present highly complex and sophisticated surveys, the status of Denmark has declined. Nevertheless, it is very active in promoting international cooperation with other countries in oceanographic research, fisheries research, hydrographic expeditions, and in the exchange of oceanographic information. The permanent secretariat of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) is located at Charlottenlund. Denmark is a member of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission, and the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries.

The most important Danish oceanographic facility is the Fishery and Marine Research Institute of the Ministry of Fisheries at Charlottenlund. Other organizations conducting marine scientific research are the Institute of Physical Oceanography of Copenhagen University and the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the Technical University of Denmark. The National Council for Oceanography coordinates the oceanographic activities of these organizations.

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5