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 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5

methods of microwave-aided tunneling which leads to production of superconducting tunnel diodes. Other advanced projects at the university involve germanium and silicon semiconductors, studies of characteristics pertaining to cadmium-selenium laser crystals, and parameters of antiferromagnetic materials.

About 40 highly qualified solid-state researchers at Copenhagen University do work of a basic nature. The concentrated effort at the university appears to be in theories and fundamentals associated with magnetic structures. Magnetic studies are spread over the areas of magnetoelastic interactions, magnetic properties of semiconductor compounds, spin lifetimes of magnetic alloys, energy spectra, geometric effects, photomultipliers, particle detectors, and Josephson junctions. The facilities at the Riso Research Establishment involve radiation effects on the structures of alloys, radiation detection, and neutron diffraction associated with the various alloys used in reactor design. The solid-state physics laboratory at Arhus University conducts research in semiconductor materials, radiation detector devices, and spattering processes of pure metals.

H.B. Nielsen and P. Olesen, who are associated with Copenhagen University, are internationally known for their research in high-energy physics. They have emphasized hadron interactions and are highly regarded for their work dealing with the scaling of distributions in high-energy hadron collisions. L. Koba, also at Copenhagen University, has been quite active also in high-energy nuclear physics research and has recently contributed results from an advanced study of hadronic production. High-energy physicists at Arhus University direct their efforts to studies dealing with pion-pion interactions and pion-nucleon scattering. Recent activities at the Nordita research facility involve studies of dynamical models for meson and baryon resonances, and single-pion photo-productions, as they relate to higher baryon couplings. The low-energy aspect of nuclear physics research is pursued by many Danish universities and research laboratories.

Most of the research in optics is pursued at the Laboratory for Technical Optics of the ATV. The activities involve the design of imaging systems of all types. The technical personnel have been adept in using computer systems for the design of optical systems, thus enabling them to develop highly accurate telescope and microphoto systems. Danish optics specialists have been well-known for their involvement in the large telescope for the European Southern Observatory in Chile, where the optical system was modified to use ultraviolet glasses instead of quartz for its corrective elements.

Denmark has several expert acousticians and well equipped facilities for sonic research at the Acoustical Laboratory of the ATV. The laboratory carries out research and testing of acoustical materials, construction, and equipment. It participates extensively in international standardization within the acoustical field. Industry is involved also in acoustical research. The excellent instrument firm of Bruel and Kjaer has been connected with industrial research on studies of acoustic intensity generated by sonic impulses and has made an analog analysis of acoustic shocks.

The Danes are well advanced in most types of spectroscopy, as evidenced by their use of spectroscopic systems as a research tool. Research is pursued in molecular and neutron spectroscopy, and high-quality work is done in visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. By using their knowledge of nuclear spectroscopy, physicists at Copenhagen University have furthered their studies of excited states in isotopic reactions.

Denmark has a long-standing reputation for good mathematical research, dating to the first half of this century with the work of Niels and Harold Bohr. Recent emphasis has dealt primarily with analysis, numerical methods, probability and statistics, and algebra. Important mathematical centers in Denmark are at Arhus University, Copenhagen University, and the Technical University of Denmark. Arhus is strong in fields such as algebra and analysis, especially function analysis, Copenhagen in statistics, and the Technical University of Denmark in numerical methods. These universities frequently have visiting mathematicians from the United States, and mathematicians from Denmark often make extended professional visits to American universities. About one-fifth of the mathematical publications by Danish authors appeared in US journals during the past 2 years. West Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and occasionally an East European country published Danish-authored papers also.

c. Astrogeophysical sciences (C)

Research in astronomy is very limited in Denmark, Copenhagen University has two astronomical facilities. One, its original observatory in Copenhagen, has engaged in astrophysical research and in cometary and planetary astronomy, and the second, a more modern observatory at Brorfelde, Tolls, has emphasized photometry and photoelectric spectroscopy. The Ole Romer Observatory at Ole Romers,

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5