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 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5

been involved in research on determining the molecular structure of organic compounds through the use of infrared, microwave, rotation, and proton magnetic resonance spectra, and through the study of isotropically labeled compounds. Others at Copenhagen University are doing research in hydrogen bonding, organic photochemical reactions, and the mechanism of organic reactions involving rearrangements. Mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies are conducted by capable staffs at this university and at Arhus University. The work at the latter institution has stressed organic phosphorus and sulfur compounds.

Organic chemical research, including synthetic work, is strong. Particular attention has been given to organic sulfur compounds. Alexander Sending, at Arhus University, has worked extensively on the synthesis of sulfides, sulfenylation reactions, thiocarbonyl compounds, and trichloromethylthio compounds, some of which are of interest as fungicides. Dr. Kai A. Jensen, Copenhagen University, has long been recognized for his outstanding work on organic sulfur and selenium compounds, including thio- and selene-acids and heterocyclic 5-membered ring compounds containing sulfur or selenium and nitrogen. Another prominent investigator in the field of organic sulfur compounds is Professor Anders Kjaer, formerly a the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University but presently at the Technical University of Denmark. He has worked for many years on isothiocyanates and other naturally occurring products, such as glucosinolates. Considerable work has been done on esters and other derivatives at the Technical University of Denmark. The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy does work on natural products and on the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds.

There is considerable interest in electrochemistry. The work at Copenhagen University by Vernon D. Parker and associates deals with anode processes and anodic oxidation of organic compounds. Electrochemical research at the Technical University of Denmark includes work on solid-state and liquid-state, ion-selective electrodes. Interest in general physical chemistry, is rather limited. There is some research on the physical chemistry of high polymers at the Technical University of Denmark. In inorganic chemistry, work is in progress on metal complexes and on soil chemistry.

Biochemistry is an important field of research activity. At Copenhagen University, the biochemical research is very diversified, including recent studies on enzymes, insulin, lipid synthesis, ethanol metabolism in the liver, and urinary pigments. Varied studies at Arhus University include work on binding of bilirubin to human serum albumin, kidney function, and insulin. The Carlsberg Laboratory does research on proteins and enzymes.

Very little is done in metallurgical research. Lacking such resources as iron and nonferrous metal ores and coal, and, although the quality of its work is good, the scope and depot of the effort is far below that of Sweden, the Netherlands, and Norway. Limited research is done in narrow specialized fields, such as handling and fabricating nuclear fuel elements and the general area of corrosion and electrochemistry. The Danes are investigating fracture mechanics, fuel elements cladding, dimensional changes in fuels and cladding during irradiation, and the development of improved cladding alloys at the Riso Research Establishment under the direction of Niels Hansen.

Dr. E Knuth-Winterfeldt, an authority on corrosion and electrochemistry, directs research at the Technical University of Denmark. Research includes corrosion studies on various metals and allows, including stainless steels, and on welding processes. The Danish Corrosion Center and the Danish Central Welding Institute conducts research for industry on a nonprofit contractual basis. The only industrial concern undertaking metallurgical research is the Northern Cable Wire Works; work includes the patination of copper and studies of the toughness and machinability of leaded brasses.

b. Physics and mathematics (S)

Approximately 70% of the physics research in Denmark is divided equally between solid-state and the nuclear sciences. In the latter, research includes studies in high energy, low energy and experimental work, nuclear-radiation effects on materials, and the applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. The remaining efforts are devoted to sub-branches of optics, plasma, acoustics, and spectroscopy.

The majority of solid-state physics research is done at the Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen University, the Riso Research Establishment, and Arhus University. The research laboratories of the Technical University of Denmark are staffed with about 30 highly competent solid-state physicists. Some outstanding experimental work is being done by N.E. Christiensen, who has developed a reputation on gathering data concerned with the photoemission spectra of gold, silver, and rhodium, and their relations to bond structures. M.R. Samuelson and his associated have been pursing interesting research on

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110017-5