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chemistry, air-sea boundary oceanography, and cloud physics. It has conducted studies of the global distribution of carbon dioxide. The International Institute is an independent organization affiliated with the University of Stockholm but granted direct support by the government. It was established after World War II to develop informal international cooperation in meteorological research. Its projects have included studies of circulation of chemical and radioactive substances in the atmosphere, cloud physics, and nocilucent clouds (clouds of unknown origin thought to be of dust, at altitudes of 50 miles, which may be observed at night in the reflected light of the sun). The institute participated in a sounding rocket project conducted from the Vidsel range in the early 1960's.

The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Stockholm, is the national weather service and has departments for climatology, hydrology, weather forecasting, and communications. The institute has announced plans for the complete automation, within 5 years, of weather observations and prognostic chart preparation activities. Operationally, the institute utilizes the same numerical weather prediction techniques as does the United States. The institute's research is principally applied.

Some meteorological research in the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere and in synoptic meteorology is done at the Institute of Meteorology of the University of Uppsala. The university has an Institute for High Tension Research which engages in the study of the basic nature of lightning and its physical manifestations. It has an observatory at Marsta near Uppsala, which is engaged in research in micrometeorology and atmospheric electricity and radioactivity.

(3) Terrestrial geophysics and geology — The Kiruna Geophysical Observatory engages in terrestrial geophysical research. It is apparently the principal Swedish geomagnetic observatory; observations often are coordinated with auroral studies. The observatory has conducted geomagnetic and telluric current observations. Other stations engaging in geomagnetic studies are located at Abisko, Lovo, Enkoping, Uppsala, Lyeksele, and on Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean. In addition, temporary stations are established at various sites during field surveys to make both geomagnetic and telluric current observations. The station at Lovo records secular variations of the geomagnetic field and has investigated field transients and giant pulsations. Along with the station of Abisko, it also has participated in an international program in which these stations act as fixed reference points for artificial earth satellite measurements.

The Kiruna observatory also makes seismic observations, but the country's center for seismology is the Seismological Institute of the University of Uppsala, which has a participating station in the Worldwide Network of Standard Seismographs at Umea, on the Gulf of Bothnia. Other seismological stations are located at Karlskrona, Skalstugan, and Goteborg. At least since 1957 Sweden has seismically monitored Soviet and other nuclear explosions. There has been considerable interest in the Scandinavian Peninsula as a seismic nuclear detection site. A survey of Scandinavian interest in the establishment of a Large Aperture Seismic Array (LASA) system in Scandinavia was made in mid-1965. In 1968, 10 countries, including Sweden, the United States, and the U.S.S.R., participated in a seismic study group convened by the Stockholm International Institute for Peace and Conflict Research at which seismic methods for monitoring underground explosions were considered. A seismological observatory, under the direction of the FOA and located near Hagfors about 260 kilometers west of Stockholm, was inaugurated in May 1969. Its primary purpose is nuclear blast detection, but it will serve also for the international exchange of seismic data. The Nordic Cooperative Committee for Detection Seismology completed a study during 1969 for a cooperative effort by Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

The Swedish Geological Survey conducts scientific geological research and does consulting work for government agencies and private companies. It prepared geological maps of the country in accordance with certain standard procedures. Southern Sweden is mapped to scales of 1:50,000 or 1:100,000, while central and northern Sweden are mapped to scales of 1:200,000 to 1:400,000. Regions of special interest may be mapped to the scale of 1:50,000. The survey is responsible for all mineral prospecting and exploration activities. It also engages in applied geophysics related to geological research. In particular, a 10-year program for the aeromagnetic mapping of northern Sweden is underway, and magnetic measurements have been made over the Baltic.

Due to successes in locating large offshore reserves of natural gas and petroleum in the North Sea, mainly by British and U.S. consortiums, interest in offshore exploration is increasing in the Scandinavian countries. Sweden has announced plans for initiating offshore exploration for petroleum which will be conducted by Swedish teams since no concessions are to made available to foreign firms.

The country stresses glacial geology, and from July to September 1966 a Swedish-led glaciological expedition with participants from Sweden, Norway,

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200090022-2