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visits in West Germany, four visits in France (1967), four visits in the United Kingdom, six visits in Denmark (1967), 11 visits in Spain, and seven visits in the United States (1967).

Under the terms of an agreement with the government, the film industry established the Swedish Film Institute in the early 1960's in order to stimulate the production of artistically ambitious films and to promote and perform a number of noncommercial film activities. The institute is financed by 10% of all box office receipts, and it annually gives large sums of money in awards for Swedish films of superior merit, in addition to operating a film school, a film archive, and a film library. In 1968, 30 films were produced in Sweden by domestic studios as compared with 215 in the United States (1967), 120 in France (1967), 117 in Spain, 115 in West Germany, 83 in the United Kingdom (1967), and 22 in Denmark. The number of new Swedish films produced by domestic studios in 1970 was 17, while the number of new foreign films in Sweden was 253 in 1970, as compared with 305 in 1961 and 258 in 1965. Motion pictures intended for public showing in Sweden are viewed beforehand by the National Board of Film Censorship, which is empowered to delete certain sequences or to issue a general ban. Censorship is concerned chiefly with scenes depicting excessive brutality on the grounds that they are detrimental to mental health. Prurience is also allegedly to be banned. Nevertheless, many television dramatizations go beyond current U.S. limits of property for excessive sexuality. Of the 342 films reviewed by the board in 1969, 57 were classified "red" (allowed for all ages), 69 were "green" (barred to children under 11 years of age), 193 "yellow" (barred to children under 15 years of age), and 23 were "white" (banned).

K. Suggestions for further reading (U/OU)

1. General works

The most readable, balanced overview of Swedish society, placed in its Scandinavian setting, is still Donald S. Connery's The Scandinavians (1966). Roland Huntford, The New Totalitarians (1972), a critical evaluation of the welfare state, is useful in pointing out some of the pitfalls inherent in so tightly organized a society as the Swedish, but it is generally too facile and forced, its criticisms too strident, while the historical analyses offered are at best highly original. Scandinavia (1972), by W.R. Mead and Wendy Hall, contains a more balanced treatment of Sweden. Noteworthy is the criticism of state incursions upon privacy and personal liberty in order to impose greater equality. Frederick Fleisher, The New Sweden: the Challenge of a Disciplined Democracy (1967), is another balanced and scholarly work, with informative sociological evaluations. Facts About Sweden (1969), periodically updated by the Swedish Institute, is an official presentation touching lightly on all facets of Swedish society. While containing much sound information and analyses, its slight propaganda intent occasionally shows through, and it should be exploited with reasonable care. A still useful older general work is Roy Millward's Scandinavian Lands (1964).

2. Manpower, health, and welfare

A summary outline of Swedish labor is contained in the Directory of Labor Organization: Europe (Washington, 1965), issued by the Bureau of International Affairs of the U.S. Department of Labor. Its statistical material may be updated by consulting

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