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base for second-order fill nets and for lower order networks covering the whole country with at least one triangulation point for every square, 16 kilometers on each side. The national network, tied to the Polish reference datum point Borowa Gora, was adjusted and computed in the unified Soviet "System of 1942" and tied in with the networks of neighboring countries. A very well planned and dense net of Laplace points puts the Polish astrogeodetic network on the internationally acclaimed high standards of accuracy.

In the international project of determining the shape of the geoid, the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography (IGiK) and PAN continue the work of astrogeodetic leveling. A map of deflections of the vertical, with graphically represented components, was compiled at the scale of 1:2,000,000. In the field of geodetic astronomy, scientific work is directed by the IGiK, with collaborative support from PAN's Astronomic Station at Borowiec, near Poznan, the IGiK Astrogeodetic Station at Borowa Gora, and the Astrogeodetic Station, Jozefoslaw, of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute. The fundamental astrogeodetic point, Borowa Gora, is tied to the fundamental points of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, and the U.S.S.R. All the stations participate in the time service program, and Borowiec and Jozefoslaw are also latitude stations. The results of observations are sent to Bureau International de l'Heure (BIH) in Paris, to International Polar Motion Service (IPMS) in Mizusawa, Japan, and to the U.S.S.R. Scientific Research Institute for Physical and Radiotechnical Measurements in Moscow; the results are published also in the bulletins of the stations.

In satellite geodesy, observations of artificial satellites have been a part of astrogeodetic work since 1957. The Geodetic Committee of PAN plans and coordinates scientific research on a national scale to be carried out by the IGiK and other research institutions. Currently, six observation stations in Poland are part of the international system COSPAR and cooperate with the Pulkovo Observatory (a section of Leningrad), U.S.S.R., which is the coordinating station for artificial satellite observations.

The East European Sub-Commission for Satellite Geodesy coordinates geodetic studies based on optical tracking data of satellites obtained through the multilateral cooperation of the Academies of Sciences of the Warsaw Pact countries. In 1969, this Sub-Commission was included in the Working Group on Cosmic Physics for international cooperation among socialist countries, called Interkosmos. The results of scientific research on satellite geodesy as well as on geophysical problems solved on the basis of satellite trackings data published in annual issues of the international volume Observations of Artificial Satellites. The Poznan station is equipped with the PO-2 camera which was designed and built in Poland.

International satellite tracking programs during the 1970-75 period in which Poland is an active participant include the following:


 * The Riga-Sofia Program, which is based on 1968 observations of the Echo-2 satellite.


 * The Dynamics Program, which anticipates photographic observations of faint satellites by dynamical methods, based on numerous observations for a long time. The satellites to be observed are Midas-4, Geos-A, and Geos-B.


 * The Arctic-Antarctic Traverse Program (also known as The Big Arc Program, a Soviet conception), an extensive program of combined photographic angle measurements of this traverse, involving seven tracking stations positioned over the 12,500-kilometer are from Spitzbergen (Svalbard) to Mirnyy (a Soviet station in Antarctica).


 * The International Satellite Geodesy Experiment (ISAGEX), which is intended to provide more information on the gravitational field of the earth. The program was proposed by the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in the framework of COSPAR. Satellites to be observe are Peole, Geos-1, Geos-2, D1-C, D1-D, BE-B, and BE-C, all equipped with laser reflectors.


 * The EXGEOS, a cooperative program between West and East European Sub-Commissions for Satellite Geodesy with a goal of establishing an ideal satellite triangulation network to cover Europe. Satellites to be observed are Geos-A, Geos-B, Explorer-19, and Explorer-39.

Among Warsaw Pact countries, Poland ranks second to the U.S.S.R. in the development of computerized techniques. Studies and research on new methods of automated adjustment computation continue at IGiK, at the Warsaw Polytechnical Institute, and the Krakow Academy of Mining and Metallurgy. The leading facilities for the development and production of digital computers are the Institute of Mathematical Machines in Warsaw and the Wroclaw Electronic Plant (ELWRO).

During the 1971-75 time frame, Polish economic planners anticipate an overall production of 500 computers, mainly domestic models R-30, ODRA-1305 (medium capacity), ODRA-1304, -1204, -1205 (small capacity), and K-202, ODRA-1325 (minicomputers). According to current statistics, 10% of computer equipment would be allotted to geodetic-

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070028-8