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 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070028-8

Research is conducted also in climatology and physical and synoptic meteorology. There is a meteorological radar installation near Warsaw. The limited amount of weather modification research is directed primarily to fog dispersal and hail suppression. For the latter purpose a small rocket, the Taski-2, having a ceiling of about 3 kilometers (km.), has been developed for seeding hail clouds.

The most noteworthy meteorological research effort is the sounding rocket program, centered at the Rocket and Satellite Research Department, Krakow. The principal vehicle has been the Meteor-1, a single-stage, solid-fueled rocket having a ceiling approaching 40 km. Chaff is released at predetermined heights to permit the radar tracking of stratospheric winds. From 1965 through 1969, about 200 of these rockets were launched from Krakow and from Ustka, near the Baltic coast. More advanced rockets capable of reaching 60 km. or more are becoming available. These are the Meteor-2, which lofts a drop sonde to measure pressure and temperature, and the Meteor-3, a two-stage, solid-fueled replacement for the Meteor-1. The Rocket and Satellite Research Department is also the site of Poland's only automatic picture transmutation (APT) meteorological satellite data receiving station. To date, this facility has been used only to receive data from Soviet satellites when the Soviet APT program becomes operational.

(3) Terrestrial geophysics and geology—Terrestrial geophysical and geological research in Poland is competent but not significant internationally. The key organization in geophysics is the PAN's Institute of Geophysics at Warsaw, which has six geophysical observatories, variously equipped to make geomagnetic, seismic, or telluric current observations. One observatory, at Hel, conducts full time geomagnetic observations, while others make intermittent measurements. There is also a 21-station network in Poland to observe geomagnetic secular variations. The small amount of recent Polish theoretical geomagnetic research has included a study of the origin of the geomagnetic field. Microseismic, standard, and deep seismic observations are made. Routine work includes the determination of earthquake epicenters, magnitudes, and mechanisms, and Poland is cooperating with Czechoslovakia, Romania, and the U.S.S.R. in a study of the Mohorovičić discontinuity.

The emphasis in geology is upon mineral prospecting, using both geophysical and geological techniques. Activity is directed by a Central Bureau of Geology, which is on the ministerial level. The bureau has subordinate to it various regional entities, for example, the Institute of Geology, Warsaw, which is analogous to a national geological survey, as well as other organizations. In 1968, an agreement was reached by Poland and the U.S.S.R. for cooperation in geophysics and geology, directed primarily to mineral prospecting along the Polish-Soviet border. Some scientific geological research is conducted in the universities and by the Research Center for Geological Sciences, Warsaw, of PAN.

(4) Geodesy—The Chief Geodetic and Cartographic Administration, Warsaw, conducts long-range technological and scientific research in geodesy and cartography in addition to further development and improvement of geodetic control networks. The above administration is directly subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and coordinates project assignments levied from the committees of the Council of Ministers. The military organization for geodetic and cartographic research and mapping programs is headed by the Ministry of National Defense, and subordinate to it are the Polish Military Topographic Service, the Military Cartographic Works, and WAT. Polish scientists maintain active contact with scientists throughout the world through participation in international programs and conferences. Poland is an active member of the International Council of Scientific Unions and its Committee on Space Research, among other international organizations. Within Warsaw Pact countries, Poland encourages close scientific ties under the auspices of the Council of Economic Mutual Assistance (CEMA) and through the respective academies of science. Poland is an active participant in the general assembly conducted periodically by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics and was represented by very competent scientists at the XV General Assembly held in Moscow in 1971.

The planning for 1971-75 outlines the importance of continuity in the following fields: a) research in earth revolution, connected with participation in the international time, latitude, and longitude service; b) study of the earth's crust movements, tides, and mean sea level; c) chronological study of gravity changes with the use of satellite triangulation; d) gravimetric observation, especially in the Baltic area; e) study of atmospheric influences in observations and measurements; f) search for new methods in basic geodetic surveys; g) development of automated system for geodetic data transformation; h) photogrammetry; and i) development of a most suitable scale and format for maps compiled by automatic data bank procedures.

The country is covered with a new astrogeodetic net of 181 first-order triangulation points, providing a

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070028-8