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computers, and lasers that Poland has shown excellence. Some good work has been done in other areas, including wide-band communications, semiconductors, thin-film techniques, ceramics, and color television.

Considerable effort is being devoted to the development of various types of radar, including marine, air search, and height-finding radars. By international standards, Polish radar technology is well advanced. The Poles appear to place major emphasis on the development of ground and shipborne radar sets, relying primarily on Soviet designs for airborne installations. The marine electronics industry has attempted to reverse the need for relying upon equipment purchased from abroad and has developed a second generation transistorized marine radar, the RN-231. It is similar in appearance and operation to the U.K. Decca radar navigation system and has met with some success after prolonged shipboard tests. It does not exhibit any advances over other systems, however. A civil air-route surveillance radar developed in 1966, the Avia-B, incorporates a moving target indication capability, an important sophistication for conformity to standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Another notable achievement was the development in 1967 of a millimeter-wavelength, high-resolution radar for airport and harbor surveillance. In some areas, Polish radars incorporate a measure of sophistication probably not employed in Soviet air-surveillance radars. In addition, an air-surveillance and a height-finder radar were developed in 1967 and 1968, respectively, for use by the air defense forces in Poland.

The Microelectronics Department of the WAT is concerned with the development of microelectronics and in 1967 produced an electron-phonon amplifier for converting supersonic impulses into electronic impulses, claiming to be the first to build such a device. Polish scientists have presented papers at recent international conferences and since 1970 apparently have been doing work on microamplifiers of hundreds of megahertz with many stage on one substrate using pi circuits (a 3-element network) for tuning. Considerable interest is being shown in Western technology.

The Warsaw Polytechnic Institute is developing infrared detectors and associated subsystems, including an infrared target seeker for missile guidance. The sensing decide of the subsystem consists of four infrared detector cells. A correction signal is generated for the guidance system when the radiation does not fall equally on all four cells. The cells probably are lead sulfur to lead selenides, since the Institute of Physics in Warsaw has done considerable work with these materials.

The Polish laser research and development program, one of the most active in Eastern Europe, is a key category within the Five Year Plan for the scientific and technical development of electronics and communications. A separate coordination plan for the program is directed by the Institute of Quantum Electronics, under the WAT, which is responsible for types of laser research having potential military application. The institute conducts research and development and acts as coordinator for several other research facilities in the development and production of laser equipment, materials, and subassemblies. The institute has cooperated with East Germany in resolving several related problems and is establishing areas for a cooperative effort with the U.S.S.R.

During 1969 a project was underway to convert aircraft radar echos into black and white aerial reconnaissance photographs for real-time display and evaluation at headquarters, using computer processing and television-type display. Research on radar camouflage techniques reportedly has been done at the Wroclaw branch of the Industrial Telecommunications Institute, Warsaw. A classified project is underway at the Gdansk Technical University on electronic support measures and has concerned the development of a receiver capable of automatically scanning the D-, E-, F-, H-, and I-bands and of measuring the frequency and pulse widths of radar signals.

Much of the Polish electronics research effort has been devoted to work on semiconductors. Poland has an advanced tube technology, particularly in high-power tubes, but it lags the West in the development of semiconductors. Because of the high impurity levels in their domestically grown crystals, the Poles usually import silicon crystals and wafers from abroad. Semiconductor research is oriented heavily toward computer applications. The Institute of Tele-Radio Research, Warsaw, has been making hybrid integrated circuits since 1968, and the MORS (Morska Obsluga Radiowa Statkow) plant, Gdansk, was conducting intensive research on circuits utilizing large quantities of monolithic and hybrid integrated units in 1969.

Since 1971 Poland is believed to have been assigned primary responsibility for the major solid-state research and development effort within the Warsaw Pact. The largest semiconductor manufacturer in Poland, TEWA, in Warsaw, has purchased technology and facilities from France and the United Kingdom. The WAT in Warsaw understates considerable

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070028-8