Page:Buried cities and Bible countries (1891).djvu/310

 see marked in almost every plan of the so-called Castle of David.

The Jerusalem of Herod's day was the Jerusalem which Jesus Christ would be familiar with.

In the year 43, Agrippa built a third wall, to enclose the suburban dwellings which had sprung up on the north. This third wall began at the tower Hippicus, went northward, and had a tower called Psephinus at its north-west angle, then passed eastward "over against" the monuments of Helena, queen of Adiabene (the so-called "Tombs of the Kings," half a mile out, on the great north road), then passed by the caverns of the kings, bent southward at the tower of the north-eastern corner, and finally joined the old wall at the valley "called the Valley of Kedron" (Josephus, Wars, v. 4, 2). "The city could no way have been taken if that wall had been finished in the manner it was begun." But Agrippa "left off building it when he had only laid the foundation, out of the fear he was in of Claudius Cæsar." The wall was 10 cubits wide, and was afterwards raised as high as 20 cubits, above which it had battlements and turrets. In the course of the third wall, according to Josephus, there were ninety towers, as compared with sixty in the first; and the whole compass of the city was 33 furlongs. He also says that the ninety towers were 200 cubits apart; but this would make the third wall alone more than 5 miles in length, and so we judge that some mistake has crept into the text. Therefore we shall venture to take the present north wall of the city as representing Agrippa's wall, notwithstanding that the entire circumference would then be less than 33 furlongs. There seems to be no sufficient evidence for going beyond the present wall. It is a wall which begins at the tower Hippicus, by the Jaffa Gate. The position of the great corner tower Psephinus seems to be indicated by the ruined castle called Kalat Jalud (Giant's Castle), just within