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 and then proceeded, with royal assistance, to Dres- den, where lie learnt engraving under Stolzel, and obtained the first prize for that art in 1834. For the next ten years he was studying- from nature in Italy under Poussin, Claude, and Koch, visiting Greece, however, in 1843. On his return he was appointed engraver to the Hanoverian court and liorary, but pursued painting also from 1847. In 1858 he went on a tour of study through Paris to Algiers and Tunis, in the course of which he painted a large number of flowers. He died in Hanover in 18G8. In addition to sixty plates of etchings, the following views are by him :

Ruins of the Imperial Palace. 1850. Moute Aveutiuo. 1852. Lago d'Agnano. 1857. The Ear of Dioiiysius. 1862. Lake Trasimeue. 1863.

BUSSE, JoHANN, a German engraver, flourished about the year 1628. He may be ranked in the class of the Little Masters, and was probably a disciple of Heinrich Aldegrever, as he copied some of the prints of that master. He engraved a set of small plates of ' The Seven Planets,' which are marked with the initials of his name, J. B., with the date 1528. Strutt also attributed to him a small plate, lengthwaj'S, representing a man and a woman dancing, with two men playing on musical instruments, on which the name is signed at length, Johann Busse

BUSSEMACHER, Johann, was an engraver at Cologne, as well as a printer and a dealer in works of art, from about 1580 to 1613. Besides several pictures of saints and numerous other copper-plate works, he produced the striking plate of ' Frau Richinuth rising up from a Trance,' taken from a wall painting in the Church of the Apostles, pulled down in 1785. His plates are signed, Jans. Busse, J. Bussm., Jo Buss, Jokan Bxissemec, I. Buscm., &c.

BUSSLER, Ebnst Friedrich, was born at Berlin in 1773. He studied several years at the Academy, and at length painted some miniatures and worked with the etchhig needle and the burin. Later on he published a work ' On the Ornaments of Antiquity,' comprising 126 engravings. Another work on ' The Costumes of the Middle Ages ' was interrupted by the events of 1806; most of his paintings are historical.

BUSTAMANTE, Francisco, who was born at Oviedo about 1680, studied painting with Miguel Jacinto Menendez at Madrid. On the ceiling of the sacristy of Oviedo Cathedral he painted a fresco representing ' The Asumption of the Blessed Virgin,' from a sketch sent from Rome ; also a series for the cloister of the Franciscans. He excelled in portraiture ; his likenesses, executed with iidelitj' and skill, are to be met with in the best houses of the Asturias. He died in Oviedo in 1737.

BUSTING. See Crespi.

BUTAVANE), Lucien, a French engraver, was born at Vienne in 1808. He studied under Orsel, Riclionnne, and Ingres, and died in Paris in 1853. His best works are :

Ija Vierge au coussin vert ; after A. Solaria. The Dismissal of Hagar ; after Dumas. Jesus Christ before Caiaphas ; after Overbeck. The Ascension ; after the same. The two last form part of a set of twelve plates after Overbeck, engraved by Butavand, Keller, and Steifensand.

BUTERWECK. See BonTERWECK.

BUTI, LoDOVico, a Florentine painter, flourished about the year 1600. He was a scholar of Santo di Titi, under whom he showed early marks of ability. On leaving that master, he applied him- self to imitate works of Andrea del Sarto, whose manner he adopted with success. Baldinucci men- tions several of the productions of this master in the churches and palaces at Florence ; and particu- larly commends his picture of 'The Ascension' in the Ognissanti. But perhaps his most creditable performance is his picture of ' The Miracle of the Loaves ' in the Gallery at Florence.

BUTIN, Ulysse, painter, was bom at Saint Quentin in 1838. He early showed a talent for art, but his parents were poor, and could not afford to educate him fully. He accordingly began his career as a designer of patterns for muslins in a factory of his native town. While thus en- gaged he won a prize of three hundred francs, and with the money travelled to Paris, where he com- bined work at his trade with study under Picot at t! e Ecole des Beaux Arts. In 1871 he made his debut at the Salon with a picture called 'Le Bouffon.' He subsequently exhibited many pic- turt^s, chiefly scenes of fisher life. Amon,i;- the best (jf these were ' WaitiuE: for the Boats, Villerville * (1875), and ' A Sailor's Funeral, Villerville ' (1878). The latter is in the Luxembourg. For twelve years he held h post of professor of drawing to the ficoles de la Ville de Paris. He died in Paris, December 9, 1883.

BUTTERl, Giovanni Maria, was, according to Baldinucci, a native of Florence, and a scholar of Agnolo Bronzino. Although he painted history with some success, his drawing is much less correct than that of his master, and his colouring rather harsh and crude. There are several of his works in the churches and convents at Florence, where he died in 1606.

BUTTINONB (or Butinone). See Jacobi, Bernardino.

BUTTS, John, who was born and educated at Cork, spent most of his life at Dublin. He painted landscapes somewhat in the style of Claude Lor- rain : he also practised as a scene-painter. He died in 1764.

BUTTURA, EdgSne Ferdinand, a French his- torical landscape painter, son of the poet, was born in Paris in 1812. He commenced his studies in the atelier of Bertin, from which he went to that of Delaroche. He carried off the great prize of Rome for landscape, in 1837, with his picture of ' Apollo inventing the seven-stringed Lyre.' On his return from Rome in 1842, he exhibited 'The Ravine,' and in 1848, ' Daphne and Chloe at the Fountain of the Nymphs,' for each of which he was rewarded with a gold medal. Amongst his other more important works are ' Nausicaa and Ulysses,' ' Saint Jerome in the Desert,' and ' A View of Tivoli.' He also produced some small pictures, in the style of the realistic school, such as 'Campo Vicino ' (1845), which was lithographed by Anastasi ; ' The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina' (1846), a 'View of the Cascades of Tivoli,' and a ' Park Interior,' which by their neatness and sharpness of effect and minuteness of detail rival the productions of photography. He died in Paris in 1852.

BUYS, JACOB0S, a Dutch painter and engraver, was born at Amsterdam in 1724. He studied under C. Pronk, Jacob de Wit, and C. Troost, and