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 was not second to any man of Mie day in producing a striking and intellectual likeness. During his later j'ears his health foiled, his mind was affected, and he lost the money he had made in his early career. He died in 1857.

BRADY, L. A clever portrait of Thomas Moore painted on striped bed ticking exists in the collec- tion of Mr. John Quinn. It is named and signed by the artist, who is said to have been a poor painter in Cork.

BRAED, NicoLAAS, was a Dutch engraver, who flourished from the year 1600 till about the year 1630. He engraved several plates from the designs of Hendrik Golfzins and Jakob Mathara. His name is also affixed to a small upright plate, represent- ing 'Christ before Pilate,' after Tintoretto.

BR.4EKELEER. See De Braekeleer.

BRAKENBURG, Richaed, was born at Haarlem in 1650. He was first instructed in art by Mommers, a landscape painter, but be afterwards became a scholar of Bernard Schendel, whose style was more suited to his genius. He painted similar subjects to those of his master, representing merry-makings and drimken assemblies. His pic- tures are painted with facility, although they have the appearance of being very highly finished ; and he perfectly understood the management of chiaroscuro. His greatest defects is his incorrect drawing of the figure. He died at Haarlem in 1702. The Vienna Gallery has two 'Peasant Scenes' by him, the Berlin Museum one, and the Amsterdam Gallery one. In the Brussels Gallery is a ' Children's Feast,' signed and dated 1698 ; and the Rotterdam Museum has a ' Doctor's Visit,' signed and dated 1696. In Windsor Castle are two good 'Artists' Studios 'by him. He also sometimes practised the art of engraving.

BRAMANTE da MILANO. See Milano.

BRAMANTE da URBINO. See Lazzari.

BRA.MANTINO. See Sdardi.

BRAMBILLA, Giovanni Battista, was-a native of Piedmont, and flourished about the year 1770. He was a scholar of Cavaliere Carlo Dellino, and acquired no mean reputation as a painter of history. There are some of his works in the churches at Turin, of which the most worthy of notice is a pict re of the ' Mnrtyrdom of St. Dalmazio.'

BRAMBlNI,AMEROGlo,wa8 a native of Italy, and flourished about the year 1580. Among other works he engraved a large plate, entitled ' Benedizione del Puntefice nella Piazza di San Pietro,'from a de- sign of C. Duchetti, inscribed Ambrosius Bram. F.

BHAMER, Leonard, was born at Delft in 1596. In 1614 he started on a rambling tour, and went through France and Italy, in the latter of which he passed many years of his life. At Rome he was a member of the Colony of Dutch Artists, presided over by Elzheimer. He resided for some time at Florence and at Venice. On his return to Delft lie founded a Guild of St, Luke, and adorned the meeting-hall with frescoes. He also decorated the Doelen, a public edifice in Delft. The date of his death is not recorded ; he was still living in 10G7. He painted historical subjects of a small size, which he ornaniented with vases of gold andsilver,imitated with a precision bordering on servility. His pencil is, however, light and spirited, and he was a perfect master of chiaroscuro. He also excelled in paint- ing night-pieces with towns on fire, and caverns with the light coming from above, in the manner of Rembrandt, and this has led persons, unacquainted with the time in which he lived, to suppose he was a scholar of that master. A 'Descent from the Cross' by Bramer, in which the body of Christ was lighted by a sun's ray, after Rembrandt's manner, was formerly in the Museum of Rotterdam, but it perished in the fire. He also executed seventy-two indian-ink drawings of the 'Enlenspiegel,' and was to some small extent an engraver, three plates of his being mentioned, viz., 'Christ with Nico- demus,' a ' Musician,' and ' Still Life.' Among his best paintings may be noticed :

Delft. Town Hall. Archers. Dresden. Gallery. Christ mocked {signed and dated 1637). „ „ Solomon in tlie Temple. „ „ Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Madrid. Gallery. The grief of Hecuba. „ „ Abraham and the three Angels. Vienna. Belvedere. Vanity. „ „ Transitoriness.

BRAND, Christian HOlfgott, who was born at Frankfort-on-the-Oder in 1696, and studied un- der Agricola, left that town and settled, in 1720, at Vienna, where he became celebrated for his landscapes. He died at Vienna in 1756. The Belvedere has by him four pictures, landscapes with figures of cattle.

BRAND, Friedrich Adgdst, the son of Christian Hiilfgott Brand, was born at Vienna in 1735. He was a member of the Imperial Academy, and died at Vienna in 1806. He painted several historical subjects and landscapes, which are favourably spoken of by the German authors, and engraved some plates, both with the point and with the graver, in the use of which he was instructed by Schmutzer. Among others, we have the following by him :

The Breakfast ; after Torenvliet, I A View near Nuisdorf. View of the Garden of Schoenbrunn. I Banditti attacking a Carriage. I The Entrance to the Town of Crems. ! BRAND, Johann Christian, a German painter I and engraver, was born at Vienna in 1723, and was instructed in art by his father, Christian Hiilfgott ! Brand. He acquired great celebrity in Germany as a landscape painter, and was made professor of the Imperial Academy at Vienna in 1770. He died there in 1795. The Belvedere at Vienna has a ' Battle of Ilochkirchen ' by him, and six land- scapes ; and in the Darmstadt Gallery there is a picture of ' Fishermen on a Sea Coast,' He etched several plates of landscapes, in a spirited style, among them the following:

Eighteen of Landscapes, Heads, and Animals. 1786. Four Landscapes, with Peasants. Six other Landscapes, engraved in a different manner.

BRANDARD, E. P., born in 1819, was a younger brother of the eminent line-engraver, R. Brandard, to whom he was apprenticed in Islington as a lad. He was an ardent admirer of Turner, who often visited the studio to .touch the proofs of his works. He engraved several : among them the 'Grand Canal at Venice,' as well as ' The Hay Wain,' and ' Salisbury Cathedral,' by Constable. He engraved a view of Balmoral Castle for Queen Victoria's 'Journal of the Highlands,' and contributed numerous plates to the Art Union of London. He exhibited many drawings at the Royal Academy and other galleries, and died on April 3, 1898.

BRANDARD, John, a brother of Robert Brandard, was born at Birmingham in 1812. He was for many years well known as an excellent