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 * that the leaseholder is responsible for land restoration and other environmental control measures in the rest affected by mining.

50. Relevant international organizations such as various UN agencies, the World Bank, and regional groups could develop further their work on model contracts and guidelines incorporating these principle.

2.2 Protectionism and International Trade
51. The increase In protectionism in industrial countries stifles export growth and prevents diversification from traditional exports. The success of some Far Eastern developing countries in increasing exports of labour-intensive manufactured goods shows the development potential of such trace. However, other countries – especially low-income Asian and Latin American nations seeking to follow the same route have found themselves severely handicapped by growing trade barriers. particularly in textiles and clothing. If developing countries are to reconcile a need for rapid export growth with a need to conserve the resource base, it is imperative that they enjoy access to industrial country markets for non traditional exports while they enjoy a comparative advantage. In many cases, the problems of protectionism relate to manufactures; but there are cases – sugar is a good example where industrial countries employ agricultural trade restrictions in ways that are damaging ecologically as well as economically. (See Box 3–2.)

2.3 'Pollution-intensive' Goods
52. The processing of certain raw materials – pulp and paper, oil. and alumina, for example can have substantial environmental side effects. Industrial countries have generally /…