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 7/ D. Smich, 'Update: Apartheid in South Africa', Queen Mary College, London. 1984.

8/ M. Falkenmark, 'New Ecological Approach to the Water Cycle: Ticket to the Future', Ambio, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1984: 5. Postel, Water: Rethinking Management in an Age of Scarcity. Worldwatch Paper 62 (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1984).

9/ B. Bolin etal., The Greenhouse Effect: Climatic Change and Ecosystems (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 1986); National Research Council, Chanqing Climate (Washington, PC: National Academy Press, 1983); S. Seidel and D. Keyes, Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming? (Washington, PC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983).

10/ Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues under the Chairmanship of Olof Palme, Common Security (London: Pan Books, 1982).

11/ SCOPE, Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War (Chichester. UK: John Wiley & Sons, 1985). Some of the other major studies on the nuclear winter scenario are R. Turco etal., 'Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions', Science, 23 December 1983; P. Ehrlich etal., The Cold and the Dark: The World After Nuclear War (New York: W.W. Norton. 1984); ; M.A. Hartwell and T.C. Hutchinson, Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, Volume II: Ecological and Agricultural Effects (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 1985): National Research Council, The Effects on the Atmosphere of a Major Nuclear Exchange'' (Washington, PC: National Academy Press, 1985): A. Ginsberg etal.. 'Global Consequences of a Nuclear War: A Review of Recent Soviet Studies', World Armaments and Disarmament, SIPRI Yearbook 1985 (London: Taylor & Francis, 1985): A.B. Pittook et., Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, Volume I: Physical and Atmospheric Effects (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 1986); S.L. Thompson and S.H. Schneider, 'Nuclear Winter Reappraised', Foreign Affairs, Summer 1986. The effects of nuclear war are explored in Y.I. Chazor etal., The Danger of Nuclear War: Soviet Physicians' Viewpoint (Moscow: Novosti Press, 1982); S. Glasstone and P.J. Dolan (eds.), ''The Effects of Nuclear Weapons',' 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government. Printing Office, 1977) National Academy of Sciences, Long-term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapon Detonations (Washington, PC: National Academy Press, 1975); Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, The Effects of Nclear War (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1980); UN, Comprehensive Study of Nuclear Weapons (A/35/392) (New York: 19S0): World Health Organization. Effects of Nuclear War on Health and Health Services (Geneva: 1984).

12/ Outright banning of particularly lethal weapons has its origin in the St. Petersburg Declaration banning the use of 'dum-dum bullets' and the Hague war rules outlining the use of shaped charges (1899). Also relevant are the Geneva Protocol banning the military use of chemical and bacteriological weapons (19Z5); the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development. Production, and Stockpiling of Bacteriological and Toxin /…