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 10/ FAO. op. cit.

11/ IWC. Report of the IWC 36th Session, (Cambridge: forthcoming).

12/ 1985 Report on Great Lakes Water Quality; Great Lakes Water Quality Board Report to the International Joint Commission (Windsor. Ont.: IJC. 1985).

13/ IMO. 'The Provisions of the London Dumping Convention. 1972', and Decisions made by the Consultative Meetings of Contracting Parties. 1975-1984.

14/ Dumping in the Convention means any deliberate disposal at sea of material and substances of any kind, form, or description from vessels, aircraft, platform, or other artificial structures. as well as the disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms, or other artificial structures themselves.

15/ Twenty-five nations. led by Spain. Australia, and New Zealand, supported the resolution, while Canada, France, South Africa, Switzerland. the United Kingdom, and the United States voted against.

16/ U. Grimas and A. Svansson. Swedish Report on the Skagerak (Stockholm: National Environmental Protection Board. 1985).

17/ United Nations. Final Act of the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea. Montego Bay, Jamaica, December 1982. In its final form, the Convention is composed of 17 main parts (320 articles), dealing with the territorial sea and contiguous zone; straits used for international navigation; archipelagic states: exclusive economic zone; continental shelf; high seas: regime of islands: enclosed or semi-enclosed seas: right of access of land-locked states to and from the sea and freedom of transit: the area. protection, and preservation of the marine environment: marine scientific research; development and transfer of marine technology: settlement of disputes: general provisions: and final provisions. There are nine annexes to the Convention: highly migratory species; Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: basic conditions of prospecting: exploration and exploitation: statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Statute of the Enterprise; conciliations: arbitration and special arbitration and participation by international organizations. Under the Convention, coastal states may adopt laws and regulations in the EEZ compatible with international rules and standards to combat pollution from vessels.

18/ Among other things, declaration by the President of the United States, on 9 July 1982, and L.O.S. Bulletin, July 1985, issued by the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for the Law of the Sea Convention.

19/ W. Sullivan, 'Eruption in Mexico Tied to Climate Shift Off Peru,' New York Times, 12 December 1982. /…