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Stem with distinct wood, pith, and bark.

Leaves net-veined.

Embryo with 2 or more cotyledons.

Parts of the flower generally 2, 4, or 5, or their multiples—rarely 3 or its multiples.

1. . Ovary of 1 or more distinct carpels.

2. . Aquatic plants. Petals passing into stamens towards the centre. Ovary many-celled.

4. . Herbs. Ovary of 2 or more carpels, 1-celled, with parietal placentas. Sepals falling when the flower opens.

8. . Small shrubs. Ovary of several carpels, 1-celled. Sepals permanent,

17. . Herbs or shrubs. Ovary many-celled. Leaves opposite, dotted. Stamens united into several groups.

15. . Herbs or shrubs. Ovary many-celled. Stamens united into a column.

16. . Trees. Ovary many-celled, 1 -celled when in fruit. Stamens distinct.

7. . Herbs. Ovary 1-celled, opening at the top. Flowers irregular.

6. . Herbs. Petals 4. Stamens 4 long and 2 short.

10. . Herbs with entire radical leaves cohered with glandular hairs.

2. . Herbs or shrubs. Stamens all opposite the petals. Ovary 1-celled. Anthers opening by recurved valves.

13. . Herbs with jointed stems and opposite leaves. Placenta free and central.

12. . Herbs. Stamens alternate with the petals. Sepals united. Placentas parietal.

18. . Trees. Fruit 2-winged. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled.

22. . A shrub. Fruit bladder-like.

19. . Carpels 5, surrounding a long beak.

9 . . Stamens 5. Ovary 1 -celled, opening by 3 valves.

20. . Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled.

14. . Stamens 4 or 5. Carpels 1- or 2-seeded, without a beak.

19. . Stamens 10. Carpels 5, surrounding a long beak. Style 1.

21. . Stamens 10. Styles 5. e