Page:British and Foreign State Papers, vol. 144 (1952).djvu/329

 to the budgets of the Nation, a Province or a Municipality, or from autonomous bodies.

106. Civil public officers, employees and workers of all branches of the Nation, those of the Provinces, the Municipalities, and the autonomous entities or corporations, are servants exclusively of the general interests of the Republic and their non-removability is guaranteed by this Constitution, with the exception of those who hold political offices and positions of confidence.

107. Political offices and positions of confidence are:

(a) Ministers and Assistant Secretaries of Departments, Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, and, in the cases in which they are not declared by law to be technicians, Directors-General.

(b) All personnel attached to the immediate private office of Ministers and Assistant Secretaries of Departments.

(c) Private secretaries of officers.

(d) Secretaries of Provincial and Municipal administrations, heads of departments of these bodies, and the personnel attached to the immediate private offices of Governors and Mayors.

(e) Civil public officers, employees and workers appointed temporarily as a charge to contingent allotments, the duration of which is not for a full fiscal year.

108. Entry into and promotion in public offices not excepted in the preceding Article, can be obtained only after the applicants have fulfilled the requirements and undergone, in competition as to their merits, the tests of ability and capacity that shall be established by law, except in those cases in which, because of the nature of the functions in question, they are declared by law to be exempt.

109. No administrative penalties can be imposed on public officers, employees and workers without prior proceedings, in which the interested party shall be heard, and subject to the appeals that shall be established by law. The proceedings shall aways be summary ones.

110. A public officer, employee or worker who substitutes for one removed from his position, shall be considered to be a temporary substitute until the situation of the one substituted is definitively resolved, and can invoke, in case of need, only the rights to which he is entitled in the position from which he comes.