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 with a view to the interests of the small agricultural, maritime or other communities, and schools of arts and trades and of agricultural, industrial and commercial technique, so organised that they will meet the needs of the national economy. All of this instruction shall be gratis, and the Provinces and Municipalities, to the extent of their abilities, shall collaborate in their maintenance.

50. The Nation shall maintain the normal schools indispensable for the technical preparation of the teachers charged with the primary instruction in the public schools. No other institution can issue titles to primary teachers, with the exception of the Schools of Pedagogy of the Universities.

The foregoing provisions are no bar to the right of schools created by law to issue teaching titles in connection with the special matters which they teach.

The teaching titles of special capacity shall carry the right to preferential appointment to positions that are vacant or are created in the respective schools and specialities.

In order to teach domestic science, cutting and fitting, and industries for women, it is necessary to possess the title of teacher of economy, arts, domestic sciences and industries, issued by the “Escuela del Hogar” (Domestic science school).

51. Public instruction shall be organised in a systematic form, so that there will be an adequate articulation and continuity among all its grades, including the higher ones. The official system shall provide for vocational stimulation and development, bearing in mind the multiplicity of professions and taking into account the cultural and practical needs of the Nation.

All instruction, public or private, shall be inspired by a spirit of Cubanism and human solidarity, tending to form in the conscience of students a love for country, its democratic institutions and all those who fought for the former and the latter.

52. Financial provision for all public instruction shall be made in the budgets of the Nation, the Province or the Municipality, and it shall be under the technical and administrative direction of the Ministry of Education, except such teaching as by its special nature is dependent on other Ministries.