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 and "Type of Wisdom." Sometimes it is shown as the companion of the Taoist Rishi Kü Ling-jin; sometimes as the steed of Tsai Lwan, or Wên Siao, one of the Four Sleepers.

The lion of the keramic decorator is usually depicted with an immense mane, often carefully plaited, and sometimes with a bushy tail. He bears little resemblance to the gaunt, fierce animal of the jungle, but is a half playful, half ferocious beast, sporting with a ball which represents the sacred gem, or even associated with peony flowers.

Used generally for purposes of subordinate decoration, there are numerous symbols which at first sight suggest mere fanciful devices, but have, in truth, their own special meaning. These are well described by Mr. A. W. Franks, F.R.S., from information furnished by Dr. Bushell, of the British Legation in Peking, and that most accurate writer's classification is here followed.

The Ordinary Symbols are known in China as "Pa-pao," or the eight precious things. Eight is a favourite number with the Chinese in the grouping of objects that have religious affinities, doubtless because the "mystic trigrams," which constitute the alphabet of Chinese astrologers and philosophers, are eight in number. The connection of the "Pa-pao" with any particular religion has not, however, been traced. These eight symbols are as follow:—

1.—An oblate spherical object, represented sometimes white and sometimes yellow, with a ribbon entwined around it. This represents a pearl (chin), and is often used as a mark, either the object itself or the ideograph chin being depicted. It is the gem shown in the claws of dragons or