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Rh to the shore of the sea or other tidal water, or of a lake or other considerable body of water not having the character of a water-course. But this is not accurate. The proper word to be employed in such connections is "littoral." See Com. v. Roxbury, 9 Gray (Mass.) 521, note.

—Riparian nations. In international law. Those who possess opposite banks or different parts of banks of one and the same river.—Riparian owner. A riparian proprietor; one who owns land on the bank of a river.—Riparian proprietor. An owner of land, bounded generally upon a stream off water, and as such having a qualified property in the soil to the thread of the stream with the privileges annexed thereto by law. Bardwell v. Ames, 22 Pick. (Mass.) 355; Potomac Steamboat Co. v. Upper Potomac Steamboat Co., 109 U. S. 672, 3 Sup. Ct. 445, 27 L. Ed. 1070; Gough v. Bell, 22 N. J. Law, 464. —Riparian rights. The rights of the owners of lands on the banks of watercourses, relating to the water, its use, ownership of soil under the stream, accretions, etc. See Yates v. Milwaukee, 10 Wall. 497, 19 L. ed. 984; Mobile Transp. Co. vy. Mobile, 128 Ala. 335, 30 South. 645 J, (4 TI. R. A, a0, S6 Am. St. Rep. 143; McCarthy v. Murphy, 119 Wis. 159, 96 N. W. 531.

Riparum usus publicus est jure gen- tium, sicut ipsius fluminis. The use of river-banks is by the law of nations public, like that of the stream itself. Dig. 1, 8, 5, pr.; Fleta, 1. 3, c. 1, § 5

RIPE. A suit is said to be "ripe for Judg- ment" when it is so far advanced, by verdict, default, confession, the determination of all pending motions, or other disposition of pre- liminary or disputed matters, that nothing remains for the court but to render the ap- propriate judgment. See Hosmer v. Hoitt, 161 Mass. 173, 36 N. B. 835.

RIPTOWELL, or REAPTOWEL. A gratuity or reward given to tenants after they had reaped their lord’s corn, or done other customary duties. Cowell.

An ancient code of laws by which the Ripuarii, a tribe of Franks who occupied the country upon the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, were governed. They were first reduced to writing by The- odoric, king of Austrasia, and completed by Dagobert. Spelman.

RIPUARIAN PROPRIETORS. Own- ers of lands bounded by a river or water- course.

RISCUS. L. Lat. In the civil law. A chest for the keeping of clothing. Calvin.

RISING OF COURT. Properly the final adjournment of the court for the term, though the term is also sometimes used to express the cessation of. judicial business for the day or for a recess; it is the opposite of "sitting" or "session." See State v. Weaver, 11 Neb. 163, 8 N. W. 385.

RISK. In insurance law; the danger or hazard of a loss of the property insured; the casualty contemplated in a contract of insur- ance; the degree of hazard; and, colloquially, the specific house, factory, ship, etc. cor- ered by the policy.

—Risks of navigation. It is held that this term is not the equivalent of "perils of naviga- lion," but is of more comprehensive import than the latter. Pitcher v. Hennessey, 48 N.

RISTOURNE. Fr. In insurance law; the dissolution of a policy or contract of in- surance for any cause. Wmerig. Traité des Assur. c. 16.

RITE. Lat. Duly and formally; legal- ly; properly; technically.

RIVAGE. In French law. The shore, as of the sea.

In English law. A toll anciently paid to the crown for the passage of boats or ves- sels on certain rivers. Cowell.

RIVEARE. To have the liberty of a river for fishing and fowling. Cowell.

RIVER. A natural stream of water, of greater volume than a creek or rivulet, flow- ing in a more or less permanent bed or chan- nel, between defined banks or walls, with a current which may either be continuous in one direction or affected by the ebb and flow of the tide. See Howard v. Ingersoll, 18 How. 391, 14 L. Ed. 189; Alabama v. Georgia, 23 How. 518, 16 L. Id. 556; The Garden City (D. C.) 26 Fed. 772; Berlin Mills Co. v. Wentworth’s Location, 60 N. H. 156; Dud- den v. Guardians of Clutton Union, 1 Hurl. & N. 627; Chamberlain v. Hemingway, 63 Conn. 1, 27 Atl. 239, 22 L. R. A. 45, 388 Am. St. Rep. 380.

Rivers are public or private; and of public rivers some are navigable and others not. The common-law distinction is that naviga- ble rivers are those only wherein the tide ebbs and flows. But, in familiar usage, any river is navigable which affords passage to ships and vessels, irrespective of its being affected by the tide.

—Public river. A river where there is a com- mon navigation exercised; otherwise called a "navigable river." 1 Crabb, Real Prop. p. 111, § 106.

RIXA. Lat. In the civil law. A quar- rel; a strife of words. Calvin,

RIXATRIX. In old English law. A scold; a scolding or quarrelsome woman. 4 Bl. Comm. 168.

ROAD. A highway; an open way or pub- lic passage; a line of travel or communica- tion extending from one town or place to an: other; a strip of land appropriated and used for purposes of travel and communication between different places. See Stokes v. Scott