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342 effect of, on Heine, 313; and on others, 313; sometimes mistaken for that of thrush, 313, 314; by day not more noticed than that of lark or thrush, 314; some of effect of due to night and silence, 314, 315. Sobriety of colouring exaggerated, 316; brightness of tail, 316; ruddy patch on, 316, 317; glossy appearance of, 317, 318; example of a bird doubly distinguished, 317; may be getting brighter, 318; pictures of, in natural history books, 318; real appearance of, 319; sings without pose, 319; and sometimes on ground, 319; Milton fortunately not familiar with, 319; female alone builds nest, 319; is attended by male, 319

Nightjar, sound with the wings made by, 52; movements of, to protect young, 60, 61; seem result of nervous shock or mental disturbance, 61; twitching of muscles of throat of, 179; must wait a little, 337

Night-raven, possible origin of idea of, 288

Nut-hatch, feeding on seeds of exotic fir, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235; manner of loosening the seeds of, 233, 235

plasticity of, 48

Ostrich, courting or nuptial antics of male, 169; incubation shared by the sexes, 169

movements of, to protect young, 60, 61. At straw-stack, 199, 205; coming down to, on a winter morning, 205. Soft sounds made by, 205

Peacocks, shot in India, 206

Peewit, cry of, 25; somersaults thrown by, 26; sound made with wings, 27; bridal dances of, 26, 27; flying with hooded crow, 27, 28. Attacking hen pheasant, 27; and moor-hen, 28. Call-note on ground, 28, 29, 30; sporting of two, 30, 31; upward sweep in flight, 31, 32; understudying of one another, 32; aerial combats possible, 33, 42; aerial evolutions, remarks on, 33, 34; feigning broken wing not observed, 66; three flying together, remarks on, etc., 83, 84, 85, 86; roll over of compared with that of raven, 263

Penguins, flight, how lost by, 151; manner of diving of, 152

People, mental approach of some, 223; not explained by such terms as insight, intuition, perception, affinity, etc., 223

φημη, Greek idea of the, 219; brought to mind by watching birds, 220, 221, 294

Pheasants, timidity shown by males in fighting, 75; at straw-stack in winter, 199, 205; beauty of male, 206. Curious low notes and piping sounds of, 207; not quite so soft as those of partridges, 207. Timidity of, tempered by judgment and individual temperament, 207; conduct of, when small birds fly off, 207, 208; males agree together, feeding, 208; roosting of dove-tailing with last flight home of rooks, 261, 262; trying to look like a soldier, 283, 284; dull plumage of hen representing that of progenitor of the family, 310, 311

Pigeons, twitching of muscles of throat of, 180

Puffin, diving of, 152; disparity in time of laying, 183; carrying fish crosswise in beak, 187

with young in sandpit, 328, 329

Ravens, molested by gulls, 129; at first not impressed by, 129; peculiar croak of, 130; appearance, etc., of nest of, 130; behaviour of young in nest, 130,