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Rh External Structure. — Crows and Jays, with few exceptions, have a stout, rather long blunt bill, the nostrils are covered by projecting stiff, hair-like feathers; the feet are strong, the scales on the tarsi being clearly marked. The outer tail-feathers are usually the shortest, this being especially true of the Jays.

Appearance and Habits. — Our species are too well known to require

description. It is to be noted, however, that Crows are more terrestrial than Jays and are walkers, the latter being arboreal, and, consequently, hoppers. Crows, in the winter, gather in great ﬂocks and frequent a common roost, while Jays at this season are usually found in small companies. Both our Crows and Blue Jay migrate by day.