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 The Chebec’s First Brood 83

side as one bird, until the intensity of their emotion was relieved by a small dragonﬂy or moth, or by any insect which these expert ﬂycatchers chanced to spy and snap up on the wing. Inspection followed each feeding with the usual precision, and the excreta was often taken and removed to a dis tance from the nest.

When the feeding and inspection were over, if the heat were excessive, the mother would stand astride, spread her wings over the youngsters and remain in this position with crest erect and often with the mouth agape for five or ten minutes at a time, Then of a sudden she is of}; her eye is keen, and her aim is sure; with a snap the mandibles close over the helpless insect, and rapidly describing a graceful loop in the air, this bird is at the nest again with the prey. If you showed yourself outside the tent, both birds would ﬂit about excitedly, erecting crests, pumping tails, turning heads from side to side and sounding their Hubert or with with renewed emphasis, but would return to their accustomed duties the moment you disappeared beneath the screen.

The next day being still hotter, the young were brooded almost con- stantly until twelve minutes past noon, before they got a morsel of food. The timidity of the male was most marked, for he rarely came to the nest when the tent was before it. Although the parental instincts are com- monly stronger in the female, this is not always the case. In a family of Bluebirds which I studied last summer the male was not only fearless but pugnacious to a remarkable degree. Shooting from his lofty perch straight at every intruder, with loud and angry snapping of the bill. he would make the boldest person involuntarily duck his head.

Another brood was successfully reared in a tree at the top of the hill. Incubation began about June 7, the young were hatched by the 20th, and were on the wing by July 5.

During the past summerl have taken special precautions for the safety of the young, and added a number of improvements or reﬁnements to the gen- eral method, only one of which can be mentioned here. The nest, with its supports, when removed and set up in a favorable position for study, should be protected by a screen of fine wire netting three or four feet in height and pinned to the ground with wire staples. It is better to allow a strip to hang more or less free from the top. The reader should not trust too confidently the remark in ‘The Home Life of Wild Birds’ that cats and other predaceious animals look upon the displaced nest as a trap and studi- ously avoid it, for other animals get accustomed to new conditions as do the birds, and no nest of young is ever absolutely safe. The net may be trusted to debar the cat, the most fatal and persistent of the many enemies of nestlings in the neighborhood of towns: it discourages the squirrel

whose pickings and stealings are far from unimportant, and tends to deter the more suspicious Crow and Jay.