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 Birds and Seasons 23 BIRDS OF THE SEASON Permanent residents and winter visitants (see Bird-Lore, Dec, 1900, p. 183). March Migrants. — March 6-12, Bluebird; 6-15, Robin; 6-20, Redwinged Black- bird ; 8-20, Bronzed Grackle; 10-20, Meadowlark; 13-31, Rusty Blackbird, Fox Sparrow; 20-30, Woodcock; 25-31, Covvbird, Phoebe. Note. — Cowbirds and Phcebe occasionally delay till April. Early in the month Wild Geese are heard, and Sparrow Hawks return. A few Black Ducks return to their inland breeding places. Ipswich Sparrows may be found on the coast certainly by the end of the month, perhaps earlier. From the 13th to the 31st, there are evidences of a decided increase in the number of Song Sparrows, Flickers, Crows, and Juncos. My notes do not enable me to state whether there is, in March, a similar increase in the number of Golden-crowned Kinglets and Brown Creepers. There certainly is in April. Several other birds that arrie in March in e.xceptional years will be included in the April list. Winter Visitants leaving Jor the North. — March 31, Northern Shrike; Pine Gros- beak (1893). FEBRUARY AND MARCH BIRD-LIFE NEAR NEW YORK CITY By Frank M. Chapman The conditions prevailing in the bird world in January continue with- out change until, in the latter half of February, a warm wave gives indi- cation of returning spring, So instantly do the birds respond to the first intimation of winter's retreat that we can readily imagine their earlier coming has been prevented only by the threatening presence of Boreas himself at the gates of their winter quarters. Generally speaking, the first birds to appear were the last to go. There is also, as might be expected, a more or less close relation be- tween the northern limit of a bird's winter range and the time of its arrival at a given place, and our earlier migrants, therefore, are birds which have wintered a comparatively short distance to the southward. There is no more regidarity in their coming, however, than there is in the weather of the season itself, and the bird stiulent must watch the Weather Bureau's charts if he would e.xpect to foretell the coming of the birds in February and March. The three species of Blackbird and the Robin, the pioneers of this great northward invasion, are birds which can exist in a snow -covered and ice-bound country, and with them come additions to the ranks of Song Sparrows, Purple Finches and other winter birds. liut not until the frost leaves the ground and ice the waters need we look for the Woodcock and W^ilson's Snipe, Kingfisher, Ducks, and (jeese. Second in importance onl to the adent of the birds themselves is the revival of the season of song. W^th us the Song Sparrow, not the Bluebird, is spring's true heraUl. anil by March i his 'sweet, sneet, meet , very merry cheer' is heard from every favoring thicket, a heart -warming bit of bird music. Indeed, all bird songs have a sjiecial significance or