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 The Birds of a Marsh BY VERDI BURTCH SF:PARATED from the foot of Keuka Lake, N. Y., by a strip of land about three hundred feet wide, and bordering on its outlet, is a marsh of about fifty acres in area. At some time in the remote past this marsh was a forest, as is attested by the numerous stumps that remain to this day, some of which are upwards of three feet in diameter. Ten or twelve years ago the water in the marsh was three or four feet deep, but, owing to a period of extended drought, it has been steadilv receding into the outlet, carrying with it the soft mud, water-soaked sticks and various sorts of debris. This obstructed navigation to such an extent that the state built a great fence, or breakwater, between the outlet and the marsh, making of the latter a shallow, mud -bottomed pond, the shores covered with cattails, coarse grass and weeds, a patch of alders and willows in one corner, a fringe of trees on one side, and the state fence, beside which are cattails and rank grass, on the outlet side. As the water recedes, exposing large areas of soft mud, which con- tains various minute mollusks, worms ami the larvae of insects, the swamp becomes the resort of various species of birds, especially the shore birds. These stop on their way south, bringing with them their families, which were reared in the far north, in some cases way within the arctic circle. July 28, 1899, at 6.30 1'. M., 1 sat on a stump at the edge of the muddy shore commanding a view of the whole marsh. Four Great Blue Herf)ns were stalking about amcMig the stumps. Leeling my glass at one of them, I saw it move its head slowly forward and downward ; then sud- denly it shot down into the water and came back with a frog ui its bill. With a gulp the frog disappeared, and the Heron resumed his slow walk. The little Green Herons were everywhere, some wading in the shallow water or standing on stumps and others fling about. Helted Kingfishers were perched on the stumps, from which they would Hy up and poise in the air with rapidly beating wings, then dart to and into the water, fre- (juently coming out with a small hsh, which they wouKI take to a stinnp to devour. Killdeers were running about all oer the nuuld shore. Chattering in the cattails were numbers of Red -winged l^lackbirils and many Hoiiolinks, w Inch IkuI changed their bright plumage of spring to a dull bufiy olive streakeil with black and their song to a singli- note, (^ink. A few lironzed Gracklcs were walking about in the mud. Ceilar Wax- wings were perched about on the stumps, from which they arose fre- (luently, in true FKcatclu-r style, to snap up a passing insect. Song Spar- r(nvs were running hither and thither amofig the tufts of grass at the edge of the nuul and occasionally mounting a stump to sing a short song. (129)