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 Trajan's column stands—this column itself representing a papyrus roll wound around a staff. In short, already early in the time of Augustus the type of double library, with reading room between, and provision for nearby walking or sitting teaching had been developed.

The library of Pollio, the Apollonine and the Ulpian are known to have been decorated with portraits of writers and doubtless all these were so decorated as in other Greek and Roman libraries everywhere.

These libraries had been organized by some of the most famous scholars of their time beginning with Varro. A little later there was a general director (Procurator) of Roman libraries, an office which Dionysius of Alexandria once filled. As in Athens, the detailed work was done by state slaves or freedmen.

With Roman libraries belongs also the very interesting library of Pompeii,