Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/985

 Pathogenic for man, apes, monkeys, guinea pigs, cotton rats, hamsters, mice and chicken embrj'^os. Inapparent infections may occur with the agent harbored in the organs. Causes local genital lesions, septi- cemia, lymphadenitis, meningitis, ophthal- mitis and rarely pneumonitis in man. Tissue tropism: In laboratory rodents, this species is infective by the intranasal (pneumonitis), the intracerebral (meningi- tis) and the intradermal routes. Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Suscep- tible to the tetracycline antibiotics, to chloramphenicol, to relatively high con- centrations of penicillin, to the sulfona- mides and to some antimony compounds. Source: Most commonly found in the genital secretions of infected individuals or in the draining lymph nodes. Also occasion- ally found in blood, spinal fluid and ocular secretions. Habitat: The etiological agent of lym- phogranuloma venereum, lymphogranuloma inguinale, climatic bubo, esthiomene and some forms of anorectal inflammation. 2. Miyagawanella psittaci (Lillie, 1930) Moshkovskiy, 1945. {Rickettsia psittaci Lil- lie, U. S. Public Health Repts., ^5, 1930, 773; Microbacterium multiforme psittacosis Le- vinthal,* 1st Cong. Internat. de Microbiol., 1, 1930, 523; Moshkovskiy, Uspekhi Soure- mennoi Biologii (Russian) (Advances in Modern Biology), 19, 1945, 12; Ehrlichia psittaci Moshkovskiy, ibid., 19; Rickettsia- formis psittacosis Zhdanov and Korenblit, Jour. Microbiol., Epidemiol, and Immuno- biol. (Russian), No. 9, 1950, 43; Chlamydo- zoon psittaci Rj^zhkov, Voprosy Meditsin- skoi Virusologii (Problems of Med. Virology), Akad. Med. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Moskau, 3, 1950, 17.) psit'ta.ci. Gr. noun psittacus a parrot; M.L. gen. noun psittaci of a parrot. Coccoid cells resemble those of Miyaga- wanella lymphogranulomatosis . Filterability: Partly filterable through Berkefeld N, Chamberland L and Q and Seitz EK filters. Cultivation: Same as for Miyagawanella lymphogranulo77iatosis, but growth occurs readily in the allantoic sac without adapta- tion. Immunology : Same as for M. lymphogranu- lomatosis, but no soluble fraction has yet been demonstrated. Toxic factor: High concentrations of this agent in infected yolk sac or in j^olk in- jected intravenously or intraperitoneally are rapidly fatal to mice. Pathogenic for most birds, for man, mon- keys, guinea pigs, pocket gophers, ham- sters, white rats, kangaroo rats, mice, rab- bits and for chicken embryos. Inapparent infections may occur with the agent har- bored in the organs. Causes a pneumonitis of varying severity with or without septi- cemia in man. Tissue tropism: Causes a septicemia. In man this species shows predilection for the respiratory tract. In laboratory rodents, it is infective by the intranasal, the intraperi- toneal (peritonitis and septicemia), the intra- cerebral and the intravenous routes. Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Suscepti- ble to broad-spectrum antibiotics and to relatively high concentrations of penicillin. Some strains are susceptible to sulfona- mides. Source: Found in the organs and nasal secretions of infected birds and, from the latter, spreads to plumage by preening and other methods. Plentiful in droppings or dust from infected cages. Relatively re- sistant under such conditions. Habitat: The etiological agent of psitta- cosis (parrot fever) and also of some cases of atypical pneumonia. 3. Miyagawanella ornithosis Rake, 1948. (Rake, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 1117; Rickettsiaformis ornithosis Zhdanov and Korenblit, Jour. Microbiol., Epidemiol, and Immunobiol. (Russian), No. 9, 1950, 43; Chlamydozoon columbi Ryzhkov, Voprosy Meditsinskoi Virusologii (Problems of Med. Virology), Akad. Med. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Moskau, S, 1950, 17; Chlamydozoon vieningo- philus Ryzhkov, loc. cit.) a generic name because it is a later homonym of Microbacterium Orla-Jensen, 1919 (see p. 600).
 * Type species of genus Microbacterium Levinthal {op. cit., 1930, 523), which is invalid as