Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/854

 vated in England by Pringsheim and Rob- inow and in Idaho (U. S. A.) by Weeks and Kelley. Habitat: Apparently widely distributed in fresh cow dung and presumably found in the dung of other herbivorous mammals. 2. Caryophanon tenue Peshkoff, 1940. (Compt. rend. (Doklady) Acad. Sci., U.R.S.S., Nouvelle S6r. 25, 1939, 244; Jour. Gen. Biol. (Russian), /, 1940, 597.) ten'u.e. L. adj. tenuis slender. Similar to the species described above, but more slender. Diameter, 1.5 microns. This species may be a variety of Cary- ophanon latum as the trichomes of the latter are frequently no broader than 1.5 microns after cultivation on artificial media. Growth on cow manure extract agar and yeast extract agar at pH 7.8 to 8.0. Source: Isolated from fresh cow manure. Habitat: Apparently widely distributed in fresh cow dung and presumably found in the dung of other herbivorous mammals. Genus II. Lineola Pringsheim, 1950 * (Jour. Gen. Microbiology, 4, 1950, 198.) Long (often 20 to 50 microns), peritrichous rods, coenocytic in nature, which subdivide by constriction; the constrictions later develop into cross-walls and thus form new cells. Trichomes motile and frequently branched, attaining a length of up to several hundred microns. Very long, non-motile trichomes may occur. Non-sporeforming. Gram-negative. The rods do not break up into smaller units at the conclusion of the life cycle, as in other filamentous bacteria, but divide into two by constriction and fission. The absence of fatty acids in the culture media precludes multiplication. Found in cow dung and in nature where plant material is decaying. The type species is Lineola longa Pringsheim. 1. Lineola longa Pringsheim, 1950. (Li- neola longa Pringsheim and Robinow (nomen provisorium), Jour. Gen. Microbiology, 1, 1947, 267; Pringsheim, ibid., 4, 1950, 198.) lon'ga. L. adj. longus long. Rods, 1.4 to 1.6 by 10 to 50 (mostly 25 to 40) microns, containing Feulgen-positive bodies which impart a coenocytic appear- ance to the cells. Peritrichous. Trichomes are motile, quite rigid, slightly and irregu- larly curved and may be more than 200 mi- crons long; non-motile trichomes of much greater length may be found. All but the shortest trichomes are subdivided by con- strictions which later develop into cross- walls, consequently forming new cells. Mul- tiplication does not occur in the absence ot fatty acids. Branching is infrequent and consists of two, three or even more single rods or short chains attached near the site of constriction. Although the branches are seemingly unconnected to the main axis. no analogy can be drawn to false branching. Non-sporeforming. Gram-negative. Acetate peptone yeast extract agar col- onies: Large, fiat, patch-like, irregularly shaped, semi-confluent; edges fringed. Small, medusa-head colonies form from single organisms; later these colonies be- come bluish white against a dark back- ground and produce a watered silk effect. Young growths appear as parallel and straight threads which later break up to form bundles. Through intercalary elonga- tion, isolated trichomes form coiled aggre- gations connected by almost straight sec- tions. Agar .stab : Growth on or near the surface. Broth : Liquid media support growth only when supplemented with extracts of dung, soil or other growth-promoting substances. Non-motile growth quite evident near the surface. If growth is not too meager, a ring is formed just below the meniscus; this ring ferences from the other genera of the order Caryophanales that it should be placed else- where, perhaps in a new order.
 * Prof. Peshkoff has concluded (March, 1957) that the genus Lineola shows so many dif-