Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/852



Ca.ry.o.pha.na'les. M.L. neut.n. Caryophanon type genus of the order; -ales ending to denote an order; M.L. fem.pl. n. Caryophanales the Caryophanon order.

Bacteria which occur as trichomes (many-celled filaments) or as shorter structures which function as hormogonia. The individual cells are characterized by the presence of a central body or ring-like nucleus which frequently assumes the form of a disc; these bodies are clearly visible in the living cells. The nuclear elements give a clear-cut Feulgen reaction. The trichomes are not enclosed in sheaths. Colorless. Each trichome consists of cylindrical or discoidal cells enclosed in a continuous wall. Gonidia are sometimed formed. Found in water, the intestines of arthropods and vertebrates and in decomposing organic materials.

I. Do not form spores so far as observed. Trichomes frequently motile. Family I. Caryophanaceae, p. 830. II. Form spores. A. Actively motile trichomes; found in the intestines of vertebrates. Family II. Oscillospiraceae, p. 834. B. Non-motile trichomes; spores form in the distal ends of the trichomes; found in the intestines of millipeds, cockroaches and toads. Family III. Arthromitaceae, p. 835.

Ca.ry.o.pha.na'ce.ae. M.L. neut.n. Caryophanon type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a family; M.L. fem.pl.n. Caryophanaceae the Caryophanon family. Large trichomes and bacillary structures which do not form spores. Motile with peritrichous flagella or non-motile. The organisms are found on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity of man and various other animals, in the alimentary tract of ruminants and in decomposing organic materials.

I. Trichomatous bacteria that are actively motile by means of peritrichous flagella. A. Unstained trichomes show alternating light and dark bands, the dark bands being internal crosswalls. Genus I. Caryophanon, p. 831. B. Trichomes show coenocytic structure. Divide by constriction. Genus II. Lineola, p. 832.