Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/797

 Carrot plug: Cream-colored to faint brownish growth. No aerial mycelium. No pigment. Odor: Very characteristic soil odor. Antagonistic properties: Has a marked antagonistic effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, much more on the former than on the latter, as well as on actinomj'cetes. It is also active against fungi, which vary in degree of sensitivity. Produces actinomycin, a specific bacterio- static and bactericidal substance (Waks- man and Woodruff, Jour. Bact., J^0, 1940, 581). Source: Isolated from soil on Escherichia coZi-washed-agar plate, using living cells of E. coli as the only source of available nu- trients. Habitat: Soil. 49. Streptomyces griseocarneus Bene- dict et al., 1950. (Streptomyces griseo-carneus (sic) Benedict, Stodola, Shotwell, Borud and Lindenfelser, Science, 112, 1950, 77; also see Benedict, Lindenfelser, Stodola and Traufler, Jour. Bact., 62, 1951, 487; and Grund}', Whitman, Hanes and Sylvester, Antibiotics and Chemotherapj', 1, 1951, 309.) gri..se.o.car'ne.us. M.L. adj. griseus gray; L. adj. carneus pertaining to flesh, flesh-colored; M.L. adj. griseocarneus gray- ish flesh-colored. Vegetative growth: Good, with mono- podial branching. Aerial mj-celium: Two types: On some media, powdery, suggestive of sporulation, but no spores are produced; this type of mycelium usually becomes gray with con- tinued incubation. On other media, the aerial mycelium forms a rather fluffy, white mat; it turns slightly pink when sporulation occurs. No spirals have been observed. None of the common media will induce sporula- tion. It occurs best after 10 to 14 days' incubation on a carbon-free salt agar to which 0.5 per cent soluble starch has been added. Inositol and mannose will also sup- port sporulation, but they are not as satis- factory carbon sources for this purpose as starch. The only other medium on which spores are found is nitrogen-free synthetic agar to which 0.2 per cent glycine or aspara- gine is added. The spores are coccoid to ellipsoidal, 0.7 to 1.1 bj' 1.1 to 1.6 microns. Gelatin: Cream-colored to brown growth. Rapid liquefaction. Soluble dark brown pigment. Agar: Moderate, cream-colored growth. No aerial mycelium. Soluble light yellow- brown pigment. Synthetic agar: Sparse, white growth. Aerial mycelium white. No soluble pigment. No sporulation. Glucose asparagine agar: Moderate growth. Aerial mycelium powdery white. No pigment. No sporulation. Ca-malate agar: Moderate, white growth. Aerial mycelium white. No soluble pigment. No sporulation. Oatmeal agar: Luxuriant, brown growth. Aerial mycelium abundant, fluffy, white. No soluble pigment. No sporulation. Milk: Dark brown to black growth. Solu- ble brown pigment. Not coagulated; rapidly peptonized. Potato: Lu.xuriant, spreading, cream- colored growth. Aerial mycelium gray. Soluble light brown pigment turning dark brown after 30 days' incubation. Starch is hydrolyzed. Glucose, dextrin, starch, glycerol, cal- cium malate and sodium succinate are rapidly utilized as carbon sources. Mannose, maltose, inositol and sodium acetate are assimilated slowly. Xylose, galactose, sor- bose, sucrose, cellobiose, melibiose, lac- tose, mannitol, sorbitol, sodium citrate and potassium sodium tartrate are not utilized. (NH4)2HP04, urea, asparagine, glycine and arginine are nitrogen sources which support moderate to rapid growth. Sodium nitrate supports slow growth. Tryptophane, tyrosine and methionine are not satisfac- tory nitrogen sources. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Antagonistic properties: Produces hy- droxystreptomycin. Source: Simultaneously isolated from Japanese soil by Benedict and from soil from one of the gardens of Abbott Labs., North Chicago, Illinois. Habitat: Soil.