Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/779

 Source: Dust contamination on a potato slant. Habitat: Soil and plant surfaces. Very abundant. 7. Streptoniyces pluricolor (Berest- new, 1897, emend. Krassilnikov, 1941) Waks- man, 1953. {Actinomyces -pluricolor diffun- dens Berestnew, Inaug. Diss., Moskow, 1897; see Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 24, 1898, 708; Actinomyces pluricolor Krassilnikov, Guide to the Actinomj^cetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1941, 17; not Actinomyces pluricolor Terni, quoted from Gasperini, Cent. f. Bakt., 15, 1894, 684; Waksman, in Waksman and Lechevalier, Actinomj^cetes and Their Antibiotics, Bal- timore, 1953, 42.) plu.ri'co.lor. L. comp.adj. plus, pluris more, many; L. mas.n. color color; M.L. adj. pluricolor many-colored, variegated. Aerial mycelium: Well-developed, white- gray. Sporophores produce numerous spirals with 3 to 5 turns (sinistrorse). Spores ellip- soidal, 0.7 by 0.9 micron. Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction. Synthetic agar: At first red-yellow growth, changing to blue or blue-green. The blue pigment dissolves into medium. Broth: Green, fluorescent pigment pro- duced. Milk: Peptonized without coagulation. Potato: Sharp blue growth and soluble pigment. Sucrose is inverted. Starch is hydrolyzed. No growth on cellulose. Antagonistic properties: None. Source: Isolated from air. Habitat: Unknown. 8. Streptoniyces cyaneus (Krassilnikov 1941) Waksman, 1953. {Actinomyces cyaneus Krassilnikov, Guide to the Actinomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1941, 14; Waksman, in Waksman and Lechevalier, Actinomycetes and Their Antibiotics, Bal- timore, 1953, 42.) cy.an'e.us. Gr. adj. cyaneus dark blue. Vegetative growth: Blue, diffusible pig- ment, remaining blue at both acid and alka- line reactions. Aerial mycelium: Sporophores produce open spirals (sinistrorse) with 2 to 3 turns in each. Spores ellipsoidal, seldom spherical, 0.6 by 0.6 to 0.8 micron. Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction, completed in 5 to 6 days. Synthetic agar: Colonies at first smooth, becoming lumpy, leathery-compact and covered with well developed blue-gray aerial mycelium. Milk: Peptonized after coagulation. Sucrose not inverted. Starch is weakly hydrolyzed. No growth on cellulose. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Antagonistic properties: Weak. Source: Isolated from soil. Habitat: Soil. 9. Streptomyces vinaceus Mayer et al., 1951. (Mayer, Crane, DeBoer, Konopka, Marsh and Eisman, Xllth Intern. Congr. Pure and Appl. Chem., 1951, 283.) vi.na'ce.us. L. adj. vinaceus of or belong- ing to wine or the grape. Aerial mycelium: No spirals. Spores nearly spherical, 1.0 to 1.5 microns. Gelatin: Sparse, tan-white growth. No soluble pigment. Ready liquefaction. Agar: Rough, dry, off-white growth with reverse blue-red. No soluble pigment. Sev- eral strains produce concentric growth rings. Synthetic agar: Rough, off-white growth with reverse purple-red. Soluble, blue-red pigment upon extended incubation. Starch agar: Rough, dry, elevated, spreading, off-white growth. Glucose agar: Rough, dry, off-white growth with reverse dark red-blue. Soluble red-blue pigment only on extended incuba- tion. Potato: Rough, slightly moist, off-white growth. No soluble pigment. Starch is hydrol3'zed. Optimum temperature, between 22° and 28° C. Antagonistic properties: Produces vinac- tin, an antibiotic similar in many respects to viomycin. Distinctive character: Soluble red-blue pigment produced in certain media, particu- larly in glucose-peptone broth by shake culture.