Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/717

 A. Spores formed, but not in sporangia. 1. Spores formed by fragmentation of the mycelium. Family II. Actinomycetaceae, p. 713. 2. Vegetative mj'celium normally remains undivided. Family III. Streptomycetaceae, p. 744. B. Spores formed in sporangia. Family IV. Actinoplanaceae, p. 825. FAMILY I. MYCOBACTERIACEAE CHESTER, 1901. (Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 349; Proactinomycetaceae Lehmann and Haag, in Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 7 Aufl., 2, 1927, 674.) My.co.bac.te.ri.a'ce.ae. M.L. neut.n. Mycobacterium type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a family; M.L. pl.f.n. Mycobacteriaceae the Mycobacterium family. Cells spherical to rod-shaped; branching not evident on ordinary media. No conidia. Aerobic. Mesophilic. Gram-positive. Found in soil, dairy products and as parasites on ani- mals, including man. Key to the genera of family Mycobacteriaceae. I. Cells usually acid-fast. Rod-shaped cells that do not branch under ordinary cultural conditions. Genus I. Mycobacterium, p. 695. II. Non acid-fast cells so far as observed. Cells generally spherical, occurring singly, in short chains or in clumps. Genus II. Mycococcus, p. 707. Genus I. Mycobacterium Lehmann and Neumann, 1896 * (Coccothrix Lutz,t Zur Morphologic des Mikroorganismus der Lepra. Dermatologische Studien, Heft 1, 1886, 22; Sclerothrix Metchnikoff, Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Physiol., 113, 1888, 70; not Sclerothrix Kuetzing, Species Algarum, 1849, 319; Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 108.) My.co.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. noun myces a fungus; Gr. neut.dim.n. bacterium a small rod; M.L. neut.n. Mycobacterium a fungus rodlet. Acid-fast, slender rods, straight or slightly curved, occasionally slender filaments, but branched forms rarely occur. No conidia. Non-motile. Aerobic. Two species are obligate parasites and have not been cultivated apart from living cells; other species grow slowly on all media, species pathogenic for higher animals requiring two to several weeks, other spe- cies requiring two to several days. Saprophytic species are not so strongly acid-fast as are the parasitic species. Nearly all acid-fast bacteria treated with carbol-auramin and decol- orized with NaCl-HCl-ethyl alcohol fluoresce when they are irradiated by long wavelength blooded animals). Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Dr. G. B. Reed (species affecting warm-blooded animals except those causing lep- rosy). Queens University. Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and Dr. John H. Hanks (species causing leprosy). Harvard Medical School, Brookline, Massachusetts, July, 1953. t The name Coccothrix has priority over Mycobacterium as the name for this genus but it has never come into general use. A recommendation has been made to the Judicial Com- mission that the name Coccothrix be placed in the list of rejected generic names. Until an Opinion has been issued, the Manual will continue to recognize Mycobacterium.
 * Completely revised by Dr. Ruth Gordon (saprophytic species and those affecting cold-