Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/714

 and salicin. Inulin and glycerol not fer- mented. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. Blood agar: Hemolysis. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Brain medium: No blackening or diges- tion. Meat medium: Reddened; acid and gas produced. Meat neither blackened nor di- gested. Non-putrefactive. Anaerobic, aerotolerant, growing feebly on aerobic agar slant. Optimum temperature, between 30° and 35° C. Growth occurs at 50° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. Source : Isolated from gangrenous wounds and from feces. Habitat: Widely distributed in soil, feces and sewage. 93. Clostridium pectinovorum (Stor- mer, 1903) Donker, 1926. (Plectridium pec- tinovorum Stormer, Mitteil. d. deutsch. Landwirts. Gesellsch., 18, 1903, 195; not Granulobacter pectinovorum Beijerinck and van Delden, Arch, neerl. d. Sci. Exact, et. Nat., Ser. II, 9, 1904, 423; Donker, Thesis, Delft, 1926, 149.) pec.ti.no'vo.rum. Gr. adj. pecticus con- gealing or hardening; M.L. noun pectinum pectin; L. v. voro to devour; M.L. adj. pec- tinovorus pectin-destroying. For additional descriptive characters see Stormer (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 13, 1904, 35), McCoy, Fred, Peterson and Hastings (Jour. Inf. Dis., i6, 1930, 118), Weizmann and Hellinger (Jour. Bact., 40, 1940, 665), Weizmann and Hellinger (Palestine Jour. Bot., Rehovot Ser., J^, 1944, 51), Hellinger (Bui. Research Council Israel, 2, 1952, 225) and Hellinger (Jour. Applied Bact., 17, 1954, 6). Long and short rods, slender, 0.5 to 0.6 by 3.8 to 4.2 microns, somewhat curved with rounded ends, occurring singly or in short chains. Large, ovoid, terminal spores, swell- ing the cells; plectridial sporangia, spatulate to capitate. Spores, 1.4 by 2.3 microns; plec- tridia, 0.7 to 1.4 by 6.0 to 10.0 microns. Mo- tile by means of peritrichous flagella. Gran- ulose-positive in young plectridial stage. Gram-positive. Glucose-gelatin: Liquefaction (active growth of sporulating cultures necessary). Agar slant (aerobic) : Minute, translucent colonies, containing long rods and thread- like forms without spores. Glucose yeast agar surface colonies : Large, 1 to 5 mm in diameter, rounded or irregular, raised, smooth or crested, often star-shaped, somewhat hard, compact, glutinous, wax- like. Whole colonj^ removed intact when fished with needle. Milk: Stormy fermentation with some peptonization. Hydrogen sulfide produced in yeast glu- cose agar tested with lead acetate paper. Negative in brain media with or without iron. Maize or potato mash: Rapid fermenta- tion with abundant gas production and par- tial diastatic action. Butyric odor. Head collapses on continued incubation leaving clear supernatant above coarse sediment. Glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, mannose, soluble starch, maize starch, dex- trin, glycogen, salicin and mannitol are fermented. Glj^cerol, pectin, rhamnose, raffinose, melezitose and alpha-methyl- glucoside are slightly attacked, if at all. Reports variable on arabinose, lactose, su- crose, xylose and inulin. Trehalose, amyg- dalin, esculin, erythritol, sorbitol, dulcitol, quercitol and cellulose not fermented. Products of glucose fermentation, in addi- tion to butyric, acetic and lactic acids and ethyl alcohol, include negligible yields of acetone and butyl and iso-propyl alcohols. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though not as actively as by Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. Bact., 57, 1949, 413). Egg albumin: Digestion. Brain medium: No blackening. Blood agar: No hemolysis. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Catalase-negative reaction obtained on anaerobic cultures on glucose yeast agar; results on aerobic cultures not recorded. Anaerobic, aerotolerant. Temperature relations (for fermentation) : Optimum, 27° C. Range, 20° to 45° C. Source : Isolated from soil, hemp and jute.