Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/709

 Rods, 0.5 by 2.0 to 6.0 microns, commonly curved, occurring singly and in pairs, not in chains. Spores spherical, terminal, swell- ing the cells. Non-motile. Gram stain un- certain; usually Gram-negative. Grows in routine media only when cellu- lose or a certain few carbohydrates are added. Surface colonies on de.xtrin-cysteine meat infusion agar (anaerobic) : Tiny, round, transparent dew-drops; finely granular; smooth edge. Acid and gas from cellulose, dextrin, arab- inose, xj-lose and soluble starch. Glucose, fructose, mannose, lactose, maltose, su- cro.se, melezitose, raffinose, inulin, saticin, amygdalin, adonitol, dulcitol, erythritol, glycerol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol and gum arable not fermented. Cellulose decomposed to H., CO2 and organic acids. Anaerobic. Grows at 37° C. Source: Isolated from horse feces. Habitat: Probably widely dispersed in manured soils. 84. Clostridium cellobioparum Hun- gate, 1944. {Clostridium ceUobioparus (sic) Hungate, Jour. Bact., 48, 1944, 503.) cel.lo.bi-o'pa.rum. M.L. noun cellobio- sum cellobiose; L. v. pario to bear, produce; L. verb. adj .suffix parus producing; M.L. adj. ceUobioparus cellobiose-producing. Slightly curved rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 3.0 to 5.0 microns, occurring singly or as two cells attached. Spores are terminal and spher- ical, 0.9 micron in diameter, swelling the cells; spores rarely remain attached to the cells. Motile by means of 1 to 4 peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. Glucose agar deep colonies: Disc-shaped and compact, older colonies become more complex in shape, often by growth of daugh- ter discs at right angles to the original one; pigmentation not reported, presumed nega- tive. Cellulose agar deep colonies: Irregular in shape, even when small. Acid and gas readily produced from glu- cose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, cellobiose, melibiose, maltose and a hemi- cellulose from birch. Galactose, sucrose, lactose, raffinose, mannitol and dextrin less readily fermented. Melezitose, trehalose, salicin, inulin, soluble starch, glycerol and rhamnose not fermented. Fermentation products are acetic, formic and lactic acids, ethyl alcohol, carbon diox- ide, hydrogen and other products not identi- fied. Cellobiose is the chief product of di- gestion of cellulose; no glucose is produced. Ferrous sulfate not reduced. Biotin and carbohydrates are required in inorganic media. Strictly anaerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, 38° C. Growth is slow at 25° C. Growth inhibited at 18° and at 45° C. Distinctive characters: Distinguished from Clostridium cellulosolvens Cowles and Rettger by the fermentation of glucose, fructose, mannose and maltose, from C. dissolvens Bergey et al. by spore shape and fermentation of mono- and di-saccharides and from C. werneri Bergey et al. by spore shape and fermentation of glucose (Hun- gate, Jour. Bact., 48, 1944, 499). Source: Isolated from the rumina of cat- tle. Habitat: Found in the rumina of rumi- nants, so far as known. 85. Clostridium omelianskii (Henne- berg, 1922, emend. Clausen, 1931) Spray, 1948. (Bacillus hydrogenique, Omeliansky, Arch. Sci.Biol. (Russ.), 9, 1902-03, 263l(Was- serstoffbacillus, Omeliansky, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 8, 1902, 262), and Bacille formen- ique, Omeliansky, op. cit., 1902-03, 263 (Methanbacillus, Omeliansky, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 11, 1903-04, 370); Bacillus omelianskii Henneberg, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 55, 1922, 276; Clausen, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 84, 1931, 40 and 54; Spray, in Man- ual, 6th ed., 1948, 809.) o.me.li.an'ski.i. M.L. gen. noun omelian- skii of Omeliansky; named for Prof. W. Omeliansky, the Russian bacteriologist who was the first to observe this organism. Straight to slightly curved rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 5.0 to 15.0 microns, the length varying with the medium, occurring chiefly singly, occasionally in pairs, frequently parallel in groups, never in chains or filaments. Spores, 1.0 to 1.5 microns in diameter, the size vary-