Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/702

 colored pigment which is soluble in alcohol but not in water, ether or chloroform. Source: Isolated from potato. Habitat: Not determined. 70. Clostridium saturnirubrum Pre- vot, 1946. (Clostridium saturni-rubrum (sic) Prevot, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 2£3, 1946, 1037.) sa.tur.ni.rub'rum. L. noun Saturnus the planet Saturn; L. adj. ruber red; M.L. adj. saturniruber Saturn-red, a color in the uni- versal color code. Straight rods, 0.8 by 4.0 to 5.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs or in chains. Spores very rare, subterminal, ovoid, clostridial. Weakly motile. Granu- lose-positive. Gram-positive. Gelatin: No liquefaction. VF glucose agar deep colonies (26° C.) : Irregular with woolly outline, rapidly be- coming yellow then turning red (Saturn- red according to the universal color code) ; abundant gas production splitting the agar. No pigment produced at 37° C., and strains cultivated at this temperature lose their chromogenic power. Milk: Not coagulated. Peptone water: Poor growth; slight gas. VF glucose broth: Rapidly turbid; abun- dant gas; red-lead-colored sediment. Indole and skatole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, lac- tose, sucrose, arabinose, mannitol and starch are energetically fermented. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Coagulated proteins: Not attacked. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 26° C. Probably not pathogenic. Source: Isolated from African soils. Habitat: Presumably soil. 71. Clostridium roseum McCoy and McClung, 1935. (Arch. f. Mikrobiol., 6, 1935, 237.) ro'se.um. L. adj. roseus rosy. Rods, 0.7 to 0.9 by 3.2 to 4.3 microns, oc- curring singly, in pairs and in short chains. Spores ovoid, subterminal, swelling the cells to Clostridia. Motile by means of pe- ritrichous flagella. Granulose-positive in clostridial stage. Gram-positive, becoming Gram-negative. Glucose gelatin: Liquefaction. Plain agar slant (anaerobic) : Surface growth scant, scarcely perceptible. Glucose agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Raised, smooth, edges slightly irregular. Pink to orange pigment. Glucose agar deep colonies: Compact, lenticular, pink to red-orange. Pigmentation (anaerobic) : Colonies red- orange, becoming purplish black on aera- tion. Plain broth: No growth. Glucose broth: Abundant, uniform tur- bidity; much gas. Litmus milk: Stormy coagulation. Litmus reduced but obscured by pink pigment. Clot slowly softened. Proteolysis demonstrable on milk agar. Potato: Rapid digestion to a clear, yellow fluid and bluish sediment. Much gas with butylic odor. Maize mash: Resembling the reaction of Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et aL, but with flesh-orange pigment becoming slowly purple at surface on ageing. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced from thiosul- fate and sulfite. Acid and gas from xylose, arabinose, glu- cose, mannose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, starch, dextrin, glycogen, inulin, pectin and salicin. Esculin and amygdalin weakly fermented. Mannitol, erythritol, glycerol, alpha-methyl-gluco- side, Ca-lactate and cellulose not fermented. Ammonia produced from nitrates and from nitrites. Coagulated albumin cubes: Softened and yellowed by slow digestion. Blood agar: No hemolysis. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Brain medium: No blackening or diges- tion. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, about 37° C. Growth occurs from 8° to 62° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. Distinctive characters: Differentiated from Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. by the fermentation of pectin and by pigment production. Differs from Clos-